CAMERA PICTORIALISTS, OF AUCKLAND

5th AUGUST 1933  Page 11 - PRESS, VOLUME LXIX, ISSUE 20926

PHOTOGRAPHY
NEW ZEALAND INTER-CLUB EXHIBITION
The New Zealand Inter-Club exhibition of photographs, an annual event, in which the leading camera clubs of the Dominion participate, will open at Hay's, Ltd.'s, store on Monday, August 7th. The salon comprises a total of 72 prints, contributed by groups of workers in Auckland, Wellington, Dunedin, Invercargill, and Christchurch. A cup for competition among the various clubs was presented last year by his Excellency Lord Bledisloe, himself a keen photographer.

The judges, Messrs J. Thomson, J.A. Johnstone, and F.A. Shurrock, in summing up on the standard of work, said that, during the last four years there had been an advance in the general quality, and there was now a large percentage of first-class work.

Thanks to the courtesy of the manager, Mr. J.L. Hay, very satisfactory arrangements for showing the prints have been made in the gallery of his store. The exhibition, which will be free, and open to the public during shopping hours, from Monday 7th to Saturday 19th, is under the auspices of the Christchurch Photographic Society.



8th AUGUST 1933
Page 8 - EVENING POST, VOLUME CXVI, ISSUE 33
Page 9 - POVERTY BAY HERALD, VOLUME LX, ISSUE 18161
Page 6 - EVENING STAR, ISSUE 21484
9th AUGUST 1933
Page 8 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXX, ISSUE 21565
Page 2 - NORTHERN ADVOCATE
Page 6 - OTAGO DAILY TIMES, ISSUE 22027
Page 11 - AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME LXIV, ISSUE 186

NEW ZEALAND INTER-CLUB
PHOTOGRAPHIC CONTEST
AUCKLAND SUCCESS
BLEDISLOE CUP WON
By one point the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland 1095 points, won the Bledisloe Cup from the Auckland Camera Club 1094, in the annual inter-club photographic exhibition which was conducted here.

Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland	1095 points	1st
Auckland Camera Club	1094 points	2nd
Invercargill Camera Club	1016 points	3rd
Dunedin Photographic Society	924 points	4th
Wellington Camera Club	883 points	5th
Christchurch Photographic Society	872 points	6th

The Bledisloe Cup is open to competition each year by camera clubs in New Zealand. The Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland, is a new club, formed since last year. The cup was previously held by the Auckland Camera Club. In the competition 12 entries are exhibited by each club.



8th AUGUST 1933  Page 16 - PRESS, VOLUME LXIX, ISSUE 20928

AN EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS
WORK OF DOMINION SOCIETIES
The work submitted in the annual New Zealand Inter-Club exhibition of photographs, held this year under the auspices of the Christchurch Photographic Society, is at present on view at Messrs Hay's, Ltd. Six clubs the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland, the Auckland Camera Club, the Invercargill Camera Club, the Dunedin Photographic Society, the Wellington Camera Club, and the Christchurch Photographic Society, competed, and their group exhibits were placed by the judges in that order. Each club submitted 12 photographs.

The prints submitted are competing for the Blesdisloe Cup, awarded by the Governor-General. This year it has been won by the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland, with the Auckland Camera Club second by only a small margin of points. Four prints, two from each of these clubs, were so good that the judges were unable to decide among them in choosing the best in the exhibition.

The judges remarked that there had been a great improvement since they last acted as judges five years ago. Some of the prints were so good that they did not see how they could be improved.

In the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland group, "Pioneers and Plutocrats", by E.C. Lackland, showing old houses against a bright background of newer business structures, and "Decoration", by R.M. Gillingham, were judged the best scoring 100 per cent, and being commended as excellent. Similar honors were gained for the Auckland Camera Club by a portrait "Jan Kukelik", by H. Tornquist, and "Ngauruhoe", by P.T. Herbert.

In the other groups outstanding prints were: Invercargill, "Where Goes the Wind", by H.W. Smith (99 points); Dunedin, "The Madonna in Black", by Miss E.P. Cameron (99 points); Wellington, "Water Lilies", by R.G. Tearle (99 points); Canterbury, "The End of the Season", by A.W. Beals (92 points).



19th AUGUST 1933  Page 6 - EVENING POST, VOLUME CXVI, ISSUE 43

WELLINGTON CAMERA CLUB
A figure study competition was held by the Wellington Camera Club this week, thirteen pictures being submitted with the following results:

A GRADE:		B GRADE:		C GRADE:
FIRST: Mr. J.W. Johnson	SECOND: Mr. J.W. Johnson	FIRST: Mr. C.H. McGill	SECOND: Mr. L. Powell	FIRST: Mr. C.G. Smith

Mr. J.W. Johnson, spoke on the subject and criticized the entries; also illustrating his remarks by a number of additional pictures, a distinction being drawn between portrait studies and figure studies. Copies of the judges report on the 1933 inter-club photographic competition were received, and it was stated that the standard of work was much higher than on previous occasions. Six clubs competed, the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland, winning the Bledisloe Cup for 1933. Four pictures were awarded the maximum of 100 marks. In the Wellington set of pictures Mr. R.J. Searle gained 99 marks for his picture "Water Lilies", and he was congratulated. The pictures will be exhibited in Wellington later on in the year.



29th AUGUST 1933  Page 6 - EVENING STAR, ISSUE 21502

PRIZE PHOTOGRAPHS
EXHIBITION OPENED IN DUNEDIN
COMPETITION FOR GOVERNOR-GENERAL’S CUP
The annual inter-club exhibition of photographs of clubs throughout New Zealand was opened in Dunedin to-day, there being some very fine work on show. The exhibition is to be open every afternoon and evening till Saturday evening, in the rooms of the Dunedin Photographic Society in Liverpool street. The opening exhibition was held in Christchurch early this month, when the judges, Mr. James Thomson (photographer), Mr. James A. Johnstone, D.A, (Canterbury College School of Art), and Mr. Francis Shurrock, A.R.C.A. (Canterbury College School of Art), made the following awards:

Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland	1095 points	1st
Auckland Camera Club	1094 points	2nd
Invercargill Camera Club	1016 points	3rd
Dunedin Photographic Society	924 points	4th
Wellington Camera Club	883 points	5th
Christchurch Photographic Society	872 points	6th

The competition is for the Bledisloe Cup, which last year was won by the Auckland Camera Club, the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland winning the trophy this year by one point. Twelve pictures are shown in each group, and were judged for their excellence individually and as a collection.

Two of the photographs shown by the winning club were awarded the maximum of 100 marks. These were "Pioneers and Plutocrats" and "Decoration". In the former, a picture of buildings insignificant and tall, there was, according to the judges, a wonderful control of the masses of light and dark, and all were intended, as was evident by the harmonious relation between subject and title. In "Decoration" the work was considered to be a good example of insignificant material so utilized as to produce a work of perfection.

In the Auckland Camera Club’s exhibit two pictures also gained 100 per cent, of points, those being "Ngauruhoe" and "The Ball Frock", two very impressive studies. The highest individual award in the Invercargill exhibit was 96 points to "Where Goes the Wind?", a fine outdoor study. In the Dunedin section Mrs E.P. Cameron gained 99 points for her "The Madonna in Black" and similar high marking was awarded to "Waterlilies" in the Wellington exhibit.

Well arranged on the walls of the society’s room, the photographs make a very pleasing display, and are well worthy of inspection by those interested in art or photography. Though portraiture is a strong feature, the exhibits generally show the modern tendency towards still-life and genre. The judges state that there has been a larger percentage of really first class works, and a good advance in general quality since they last acted as judges four years ago.



31st AUGUST 1933  Page 13 - OTAGO DAILY TIMES, ISSUE 22046

PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBITION
GOVERNOR-GENERAL’S CUP
The annual exhibition of photographs of clubs throughout New Zealand is now being held in the Dunedin Photographic Society Rooms in Liverpool street. The opening exhibition of the six competing clubs was held in Christchurch early this month, when the judges — Mr. James Thomson (photographer), Mr. James A. Johnstone, D.A. Edin. (Canterbury College School of Art), and Mr. Francis A. Shurrock, A.R.C.A., London (Canterbury College School of Art) made the following awards:

Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland	1095 points	1st
Auckland Camera Club	1094 points	2nd
Invercargill Camera Club	1016 points	3rd
Dunedin Photographic Society	924 points	4th
Wellington Camera Club	883 points	5th
Christchurch Photographic Society	872 points	6th

The competition is for the Bledisloe Cup, which last year was won by the Auckland Camera Club. This year the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland win the trophy by one point. Twelve pictures are shown in each group, and they were judged for their excellence individually and as a collection. The photographs are shown in each center.

Two of the photographs in the list submitted by the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland have been awarded the maximum of 100 points. These are “Pioneers and Plutocrats”, by E.C. Lackland, and “Decoration”, by R.M. Gillingham. In the former, a picture of buildings insignificant and tall, there was, according to the judges, a wonderful control of the masses of light and dark, these being not only full of interest but also of meaning. In “Decoration” the work was considered to be a good example of insignificant material so utilized as to produce a work of perfection.

Two pictures in the Auckland Camera Club exhibit also gain 100 per cent, of points. These are “Ngauruhoe”, by W.J. Thompson, and “The Ball Frock”, by H. Tornquist.

The highest individual award in the Invercargill exhibit was 96 points to “Where Goes the Wind?” by A.W. Smith, a fine outdoor study.

The following photographs are shown in the Dunedin section: “The Wash”, by Miss R. Robinson — an excellent study of a ship at sea, 90 points; “Joe”, by R. Throp, 62 points; “In Evening Light”, by W.E. Johnson, 49 points; “Maple”, by W.E. Johnson, 48 points; “Nor-Wester”, by J.G. Johnston, 61 points; “Cheltenham Gold,” by J.G. Johnston, 52 points; “Chequers”, by Dr Tizard, 57 points; “The White Boat”, by George Chance FRPS, 89 points; “The Road to the Sea”, by George Chance, 82 points; “The Madonna in Black”, by Mrs E.P. Cameron, 99 points; “Mending the Nets”, by Miss L.V. Bagley, 88 points; and “The Road Menders”, by Miss E.B. Jeans, 82 points.

Of Mrs Cameron’s photograph the judges say: “The only blemish is the dark cream center tint of the mount, which should have been grey of the same tone”. But for this fault Mrs Cameron would have been awarded 100 points.

V.S. Whiteside secures the highest number of points in the Christchurch section with “In Port”, 94 points.

The exhibition has many interesting studies. There is a wide variety of subjects, and lovers of the photographic art are given plenty of opportunity for comparison. The judges comments are attached to the bottom of each picture, and the idea in their minds when making their decisions is thus easily discovered. These comments and the decisions reached no doubt form a basis for argument.

The judges note reads as follows: “The judges found that they had to distinguish arbitrarily between what they considered to be casual selection, and searched for and carefully considered selection, both in regard to subject matter and choice of viewpoint, even mood entering into their decisions. It is not to be thought that, the judges consider their decisions to be in any way final, but they have done what they believed to be right from the evidence before them”. The exhibition will be continued till Saturday night.



3rd NOVEMBER 1933  Page 8 - AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME LXIV, ISSUE 259

PHOTOGRAPHIC ART
NEW ZEALAND EXHIBITION
AUCKLANDERS LEAD
The annual exhibition of New Zealand pictorial photography opened to-day at Messrs. Milne and Choyce, Ltd. Photographic societies and clubs of Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin and Invercargill are participating, and some very fine work is on view. The work of the Auckland competitors is well ahead of Southern entries, and the Bledisloe Cup, which is competed for in conjunction with the exhibition, was won by the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland, by one point from the Auckland Camera Club. The Invercargill Camera Club, which came third, was 79 points behind the winning club.

Of the individual work only five pictures were deemed by the judges to be worthy of the title "excellent", and all were Auckland entries. The most striking of these five is a study of city buildings by Mr. E.C. Lackland, a member of the "Star" pictorial staff. The judges, commenting on this work, which is entitled "Pioneers and Plutocrats", drew attention to the wonderful control of the masses of light and dark, which were full of interest and meaning, and were all intended, as was evident by the harmonic relation between subject and title.

The four other "excellent" pictures are "Decoration", by R.M. Gillingham, an example of insignificant material treated with perfect technique; "Grace and Poise", by H.J. Schmidt ARPS, a study which does not belie its title; "Ngauruhoe", by P.S. Herbert, remarkable for the strength of this picture of a rare mood of Nature; and "Jan Kubelik", by H. Tournquist, a fine character study, in which details are wisely subordinated to the subject.



4th NOVEMBER 1933  Page 11 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXX, ISSUE 21640

ART IN PHOTOGRAPHY
NEW ZEALAND CONTEST
AUCKLAND'S EASY WIN
The traveling exhibition of photographs entered for the annual competition conducted by the principal camera clubs and photographic societies has reached Auckland and was placed on view yesterday in the premises of Milne and Choyce, Limited.

This year's exhibition has a special interest for Aucklanders because the contest and the Bledisloe Cup were won by the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland, a new "secession" group, which gained 1095 points. The Auckland Camera Club was second, with only one point less. The four southern societies were a considerable distance behind, in the following order: Invercargill, 1016; Dunedin, 924; Wellington, 883; Christchurch, 872. The judging was carried out in Christchurch in August by a photographer and two instructors at the Canterbury College School of Art.

The result is extremely creditable to Auckland, which carried off last year's award and has now established a long lead over the rest of the Dominion in pictorial photography. Six prints in the exhibition have been given the maximum of 100 marks, and all are by Auckland entrants. They are: "Pioneers and Plutocrats", a study of city roofs and towers from Albert Park by E.C. Lackland; "Decoration", a highly original piece of work by R.M. Gillingham; "Grace and Poise", a study of dancers by H.J. Schmidt; "Ngauruhoe", by P.S. Herbert; "Jan Kubelik", a masterly portrait, and "The Ball Frock", a pretty study of a girl, both by H. Tornquist. Another very fine work is "The Madonna in Black", by Mrs. E.P. Cameron, Dunedin, which has been awarded 99 points.

The Auckland entrants have gained much by the use of the bromoil process, with its wide scope for control of tone values and detail. This process seems to be little practiced in the South, where traditional methods still have a strong hold. Nevertheless, the exhibition contains a very wide range of work, showing that in capable hands the camera can be a very versatile instrument.



23rd JUNE 1934  Page 9 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXI, ISSUE 21834

PHOTOGRAPHY AWARDS
Advice has been received by the director of the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland, Mr. Douglas R. Lyons, that the following awards hare been made to Aucklanders represented in the annual Overseas Exhibition of Photography, recently held in the galleries of the Royal Photographic Society, London:

BRONZE PLAQUES: R.M. Gillingham, E.C. Lackland, W.J. Thompson, H.E. Gaze.
CERTIFICATES OF MERIT: Gerald E. Jones, Douglas F. Lyons.

The exhibition is open to all photographers in the British Empire, and the judges stated that the work submitted for the present show was of such a very high standard that additional awards had to be made.



2nd AUGUST 1934
Page 10 - OTAGO DAILY TIMES, ISSUE 22330
Page 9 - PRESS, VOLUME LXX, ISSUE 21232
Page 19 - EVENING POST, VOLUME CXVIII, ISSUE 28
Page 8 - EVENING STAR, ISSUE 21788
3rd AUGUST 1934  Page 6 - MANAWATU STANDARD, VOLUME LIV, ISSUE 209
4th AUGUST 1934  Page 15 - POVERTY BAY HERALD, VOLUME LXI, ISSUE 18467

NEW ZEALAND INTER-CLUB
PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBITION
THE BLEDISLOE CUP
AUCKLAND CAMERA CLUB SUCCESS
The Bledisloe Cup presented by the Governor-General for competition in the New Zealand Inter-Club annual photographic exhibition, which was conducted in Auckland this year, has been won by the Auckland Camera Club with an aggregate of 1120 points. This is the fourth year in succession in which the Auckland Club has gained most points.

Auckland Camera Club	1120 points	1st
Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland	1071 points	2nd
Dunedin Photographic Society	1048 points	3rd
Wellington Camera Club	953 points	4th
Invercargill Camera Club	908 points	5th
Christchurch Photographic Society	828 points	6th

2nd AUGUST 1934  Page 10 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXI, ISSUE 21868

NEW ZEALAND INTER-CLUB
PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBITION
THE BLEDISLOE CUP
AUCKLAND CAMERA CLUB SUCCESS
The Bledisloe Cup, presented by the Governor-General, Lord Bledisloe, for competition in the New Zealand Inter-Club annual photographic exhibition, which was conducted in Auckland this year, has been won by the Auckland Camera Club, with an aggregate of 1120 points. This is the fourth year in succession in which an Auckland club has gained most points.

In the opinion of the judges, Messrs. J. Weeks, D.J. Payne and S. Champ, a very high general standard was evident, indicating that pictorial photography was making definite progress in the Dominion. The exhibit of Mr. D.F. Lyons, of the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland, was judged the best print on display, being one of the six exhibits which were allotted the maximum of 100 points. The other five exhibits were displayed by Miss C. Lloyd and Mr. P.S. Herbert, of the Auckland Camera Club, Mr. Spencer Digby, of the Wellington Camera Club, and Mr. W.E. Johnson and Mr. Graham Riley, of the Dunedin Photographic Society.

An exhibition of the photographs entered for competition will be opened at the Milne and Choyce Reception Hall to-morrow evening by the Mayor, Mr. G.W. Hutchison.

GEORGE WILLIAM HUTCHISON CMG
Born 3rd April 1882
Died 14th February 1947
MAYOR OF AUCKLAND CITY
from 1931 to 1935

4th AUGUST 1934  Page 10 - AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME LXV, ISSUE 183

PHOTOGRAPHIC ART
DOMINION CONTEST
DISPLAY OF EXHIBITS
"A cursory glance at the photographs on display has given me an indication of the difficulties which must have faced the judges in selecting the winning prints", said the Mayor, Mr. G.W. Hutchison, patron of the Auckland Camera Club, in opening a public exhibition of the work submitted in the New Zealand Inter-Club annual photographic competition in Messrs. Milne and Choyce's reception hall last evening. Mr. Nello Porter, president of the Auckland Camera Club, presided.

"The fact that six exhibits were allotted 100 per cent marks is a matter for congratulation", continued Mr. Hutchison. "I think that the exhibition will afford considerable pleasure to those interested in photography, and the merit is indeed so high that the display will also give pleasure to the layman". Mr. Hutchison mentioned that the competition had been won by Auckland for the past four years, three times by the Auckland Camera Club and once by the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland.

There are 72 prints on exhibit, representing 12 entries from six competing clubs. A wide range of the photographer's art is shown, including landscape, head and still life studies. The modern trend of making the fullest use of light and shade and angles is displayed in many of the pictures. This is particularly apparent in Mr. D.F. Lyons photograph, "Design", which was judged the best of the exhibition. It is an unusual "close up" of a palm leaf showing a remarkable radiation of lines and color.

The exhibition may be viewed by the public on the first floor at Messrs. Milne and Choyce's during next week.

Champion Photograph:

"DESIGN"
Mr. D.F. Lyons

4th AUGUST 1934  Page 13 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXI, ISSUE 21870

PHOTOGRAPHIC CONTEST
DOMINION COMPETITION
EXHIBITION OF PRINTS
A public exhibition of the pictorial work submitted for entry in the New Zealand Inter-Club annual photographic competition, recently held in Auckland, was opened by the Mayor, Mr. G.W. Hutchison, Patron of the Auckland Camera Club, at the Milne and Choyce Reception Hall last night. A total of 72 exhibits, representing 12 entries from six competing clubs, were on display. Mr. Nello Porter, president of the Auckland Camera Club, presided.

"A cursory glance at the photographs on display has given me an indication of the difficulties which must have faced the judges in selecting the winning prints", said Mr. Hutchison. "The fact that six exhibits were allotted 100 per cent marks is a matter for congratulation". He thought the exhibition would afford considerable pleasure to those interested in photography, and the merit was indeed so high that the display would also give enjoyment to the layman. Mr. Hutchison mentioned that the competition had been won by an Auckland Camera Club for the past four years, three times by the Auckland Camera Club, and once by the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland.

The exhibition presented a wide range of the photographer's art, including landscape, head and still-life studies. Considerable ingenuity in design and the play of light and shade was displayed by many exhibitors. Keen interest was taken in the photograph shown by Mr. D.F. Lyons, judged the best print in the exhibition. Entitled "Design", it is an unusual and graphic reproduction of a palm leaf, with emphasis on light and shade effects. The exhibition will be open for a week.



13th AUGUST 1934  Page 5 - CROMWELL ARGUS, VOLUME LXIV, ISSUE 3327

In the annual New Zealand Inter-Club Photographic Competition for the Bledisloe Cup, presented by the Governor-General, first place was won by the Auckland Camera Club.

Each club exhibited 12 prints. One of the most outstanding prints in the exhibition was Mr. Johnson’s “Winter”, this picture securing the maximum of 100 points, a fine tribute to the work of the local artist.



27th AUGUST 1934  Page 11 - EVENING POST, VOLUME CXVIII, ISSUE 49

CLUB PHOTOGRAPHY
INTER-CLUB EXHIBITS
BLEDISLOE CUP
The annual inter-club photographic competition, the pictures entered for which are now on exhibit at Kirkcaldie and Stains's lounge, this year attracted 72 entries, all of them interesting, and many of undoubted merit. It was held under the auspices of the Auckland Camera Club. The Bledisloe Cup was won by the Auckland Camera Club.

Auckland Camera Club	1120 points	1st
Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland	1071 points	2nd
Dunedin Photographic Society	1048 points	3rd
Wellington Camera Club	953 points	4th
Invercargill Camera Club	908 points	5th
Christchurch Photographic Society	828 points	6th

The judges were Messrs. M.J. Weeks, D.J. Payne, and S. Champ A.R.C.A.

Entries securing 100 points were "Design" (D.F. Lyons), "Barbara" (Miss C. Lloyd), "Mountain Mist" (P. Herbert), "Miranda" (Spencer Digby), "Winter" (W.E. Johnson), and "Hawea Flat" (Graham Riley). These were all of excellent quality. "Barbara" is a charming treatment of a delightful child subject. "Mountain Mist" represents a succession of mounting tablelands clouded in mist and surmounted by a distant snow covered peak. The valleys are shrouded in mist, giving the bold summits of the dark foothills prominence. "The subordination of all other tones to the white peak is carried out to give a decorative as well as realistic value", comment the judges. "Miranda" is a three-quarter portrait in a natural and dignified pensive pose; "a pleasing patterns of blacks", the judges remark. "Subject is well placed and flesh values technically pleasing". "Winter" is a snow scene in which old poplars, frosted with a coat of snow, lean over a small bridge. There are no heavy tones, but the contrasts are well maintained, and there is a successful atmospheric effect. In "Hawea Flat" an exceedingly decorative effect has been secured from a definitely diagrammatic landscape in the way in which bare furrows are made to concentrate radially on four lonely poplars.

Portraits, landscapes, sea and lake pictures, a card party, and many other subjects will no doubt interest visitors to the exhibition. The judges suggestions to the exhibitors in the matters of lighting, the introduction of distracting objects, errors in composition, contrasts, tone balance, etc., should prove valuable.



18th SEPTEMBER 1934  Page 18 - PRESS, VOLUME LXX, ISSUE 21272

EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS
PICTURES FROM MAIN NEW ZEALAND CLUBS
GOOD STANDARD MAINTAINED
The photographs submitted for the annual New Zealand Inter-Club competition are at present on view at Messrs Hay's, Ltd., in Gloucester street. The quality of the work submitted has improved steadily in the last few years, until it compares very favorably with the best that is done overseas.

The champion picture this year is the work of D.F. Lyons, of the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland. It is admirable, both for the technical skill displayed and for its unusual composition. Its subject is the ribbed base of a palm frond, shown in a strong light, that emphasizes the contrasting shapes.

In the Camera Pictorialists group "Portrait of a Painter" is particularly pleasing for the repose of the figure and its treatment in low tones. "Tasman Breakers" is dramatic, showing a storm-beaten headland, the uneasy motion of the sea, and the menace of a dark sky. "Cream Pots" is an example of the type of modern commercial photography which could with advantage be used more in New Zealand advertising.

In the Wellington Camera Club group "Miranda", a portrait, is outstanding. The charm of the subject is well conveyed without in any way spoiling the strong contrasts on which the picture depends for its effect. The composition is excellent, and the treatment of light is unusually effective. "Coon Can" is an interesting arrangement of a group round a table. In spite of the diversity of expression in the nine characters the unity of the design is maintained.

"The Hill Top" is one of the most notable pictures in the Dunedin Photographic Society group. Twisted tree shapes are shown against a moving sky. "Hawea Flat" pleases by its simplicity, and the use of light to give effect to the long, straight lines of furrows.

"Mountain Mists", in the Auckland Camera Club group, is an unusual composition of superimposed dark horizontals with mist between, and low, rounded snow shapes above. "Serenity" has the effect of a watercolor painting, and catches the still mood of reflections, lake, water, and clouds. "Majestic Solitude" is an excellent landscape.

In the Christchurch Photographic Society group "Sunshine in the Alley" is the most pleasing. The plain masses of concrete walls are well used, without any straining after romantic architectural effects. The lighting is good and the figures are well placed. "The Blacksmith" is an interesting occupational study, but lacks force. Two landscapes, "The Heathcote", and "The Bend in the Road", are both pleasing. "The Quack" is a quaint still-life.

Wind-ribbed sand dunes are used to good effect in "Greening Shadows" and "Unequal Struggle" in the Invercargill Camera Club group.



16th OCTOBER 1934  Page 8 - Southland Times, Issue 22453

CAMERA ART
INTER-CLUB PICTURES
INTERESTING DISPLAY OPENED
A photographic exhibition of outstanding merit containing all the entries in the 1934 Dominion inter-club competition was officially opened in the tea rooms lounge of Messrs H. and J. Smith Ltd., by the Mayor of Invercargill (Mr John Miller) yesterday.

The president of the Invercargill Camera Club (Mr W.J. Willett), in asking the Mayor to open the exhibition, stated that it represented the best work of the amateur photographers in the Dominion.

The Mayor congratulated the Invercargill Camera Club on its enterprise and expressed the hope that the interesting display, representative of the camera pictorialists of New Zealand would be viewed by many of the public. Invercargill had done well in the inter-Club competition in past years and if they had not won this year they had certainly made a good showing. The exhibition was deserving of public support and he had great pleasure in formally declaring it open.

At the invitation of the president, Mr J.J.W. Pollard spoke briefly on the pictures. He said that while there had been a decided advance in enterprise, so far as the selection of subjects was concerned, the technical standard had not kept pace with it. Continental influence, particularly the German, was noticeable, and it appeared as if the judges had been attracted by the unusual in theme. This was desirable so long as the quieter themes did not suffer. There was a remarkably large number of “perfect” pictures, prints which secured 100 per cent., and it was surprising that one of these six perfect prints was “more perfect than its fellows. The champion picture, pure design, was cold and hard, like a design carried out in Indian ink, and it would not be favored as much as other pictures which showed more feeling and better tone qualities, such as the decorative study entitled “Hawea Flat”. The portrait “Barbara” was a charming study of a child, but it was difficult to see how “Mountain Mist could be rated at 100 per cent. In “Miranda” there were some fine qualities, though the hand was not at all satisfactory. The Christchurch Club had shown a decided advance on its display of last year, but the Invercargill section was hardly as good, though it contained some interesting work. The standard of the exhibition was not up to that of the two previous years, but the diversity of subject and the enterprise of the exhibitors in seeking new themes would make the display interesting to the public. He congratulated the club on its enterprise and added that he felt sure all the members appreciated the action of Messrs H. and J. Smith, Ltd., in placing such a fine room at the disposal of the club for the exhibition. The display will be open to the public during the rest of the week.



12th JULY 1935  Page 17 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXII, ISSUE 22159

PHOTOGRAPHY AS ART
EXHIBITION IN AUCKLAND
A REPLY TO CRITICISM
A very fine exhibition of work by leading artist-photographers in Auckland, Christchurch and Dunedin was opened in the rooms of the Auckland Society of Arts, Victoria Arcade, yesterday, at a luncheon gathering, in the course of which Mr. H. Tornquist gave an address entitled "Photography's Place in Art".

It was common ground that photography had originated in the scientific laboratory, said Mr. Tornquist. After many years of artistic disrepute it had emerged with a claim to be a new art form. However, it was still cried down by numbers of painters as a mere mechanical process. Against this was the fact that science and mechanics were the basis of every form of art.

Mr. Tornquist said he did not intend a sweeping condemnation of retouching or of all old work; the earlier photographers had labored under many handicaps. To-day the development of artificial light and printing processes enabled the photographer to obtain almost any effect he desired, but both these means of control were notoriously open to abuse. Photography had its limitations, which increased the demands upon those who sought to use it as a medium of artistic expression.

The exhibition, which was described by the chairman, Mr. E.S. Kohn, as possibly the finest yet assembled in Auckland, contains work of almost every kind. Prints shown by members of the Auckland Camera Club and the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland far surpass in originality and variety the southern work, most of which seems to be still ruled by older conventions. There are very good studies of industrial and city scenes, architectural subjects, ships and boats, and still life. Two portraits and a study of dancers by H. Tornquist, a nude by D.E. Lyons, and charming pictures of children by Connie Lloyd are specially notable.

A picture of three men on a snowfield, taken against the light, by Miss T.R. Kent, of Christchurch, and a head of an old man by C.A. Weedon, of Dunedin, are excellent. For the first time a commercial section is included, with work by W.J. Thompson, H. Tornquist, D.F. Lyons and J. Hott, Limited. It shows that New Zealand can produce photographic advertising "copy" in every way as original and technically sound as may be seen in English and American journals.



7th AUGUST 1935
Page 6 - POVERTY BAY HERALD, VOLUME LXII, ISSUE 18778
Page 8 - AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME LXVI, ISSUE 185
Page 6 - ASHBURTON GUARDIAN, VOLUME 55, ISSUE 252
Page 13 - EVENING POST, ISSUE 66
Page 7 - MANAWATU STANDARD, VOLUME LV, ISSUE 213
8th AUGUST 1935
Page 6 - PRESS, VOLUME LXXI, ISSUE 21546
Page 17 - OTAGO DAILY TIMES, ISSUE 22644

PHOTOGRAPHIC CONTEST
BLEDISLOE CUP AWARD
TOP POINTS TO AUCKLAND
The annual inter-club photographic competition for the Bledisloe Cup judged under the auspices of the Dunedin Photographic Society, by Messrs G. Chance, J.J. Webster and Russell Clark, has resulted:

Auckland Camera Club	876 points	1st
Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland	845 points	2nd
Dunedin Photographic Society	841 points	3rd
Invercargill Camera Club	818 points	4th
Wellington Camera Club	815 points	5th
Christchurch Photographic Society	754 points	6th

The best picture is adjudged to be "Professor Von Zedlitz”, by Mr. Spencer Digby, of Wellington, which secured 92 marks of the 100 possible.



14th SEPTEMBER 1935  Page 24 - PRESS, VOLUME LXXI, ISSUE 21578

EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS
NEW ZEALAND INTER-CLUB COMPETITION
If any tendency exists to forget that photography is an art and to think of it merely as a means of recording scenes and events, the New Zealand Inter-Club exhibition of photographs at Fisher and Son's, High street, should serve as a strong corrective. The best examples there of photography throughout New Zealand reveal in some a very attractive grace and delicacy, and in others power and action. The range of subject is wide.

Some of the most striking are portraits, and the highest marks were to one such study by Mr Spencer Digby, of Wellington, to whom the judges gave 92 marks out of 100.

The competition, held annually, was judged this year under the auspices of the Dunedin Photographic Society, by Messrs G. Chance, J.J. Webster, and Russell Clark. Of the total of 100 marks 30 each are allotted to conception, composition, and technique, and 10 to production. The order of the clubs, determined by the aggregate marks of the exhibitors from each one, is as follows: Auckland; Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland; Dunedin; Invercargill; Wellington; Canterbury. The photographs will be exhibited in turn in each center.



11th OCTOBER 1935
Page 12 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXII, ISSUE 22237
Page 10 - POVERTY BAY HERALD, VOLUME LXII, ISSUE 18834
Page 11 - AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME LXVI, ISSUE 241
Page 7 - OTAGO DAILY TIMES, ISSUE 22699
Page 19 - PRESS, VOLUME LXXI, ISSUE 21601
Page 6 - NORTHERN ADVOCATE

PHOTOGRAPHIC CONTEST
DOMINION EXHIBITION
AUCKLAND CLUBS SUCCESS
A series of camera studies by photographers throughout the Dominion is now on display in Wellington in connection with the New Zealand Inter-Club exhibition of photographs. The entries were judged by Messrs. G. Chance, J. Webster and Russel Clark, the placing by the judges and the aggregate points awarded to the clubs being as follows:

Auckland Camera Club	876 points	1st
Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland	845 points	2nd
Dunedin Photographic Society	841 points	3rd
Invercargill Camera Club	818 points	4th
Wellington Camera Club	815 points	5th
Christchurch Photographic Society	754 points	6th

30th OCTOBER 1935  Page 5 - AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME LXVI, ISSUE 257

DOMINION PHOTOGRAPHIC CONTEST
An exhibition will open at the Auckland Art Gallery to-morrow of the
prints exhibited by the various photographic clubs of New Zealand which
competed for the Bledisloe Cup. The cup was won this year by the
AUCKLAND CAMERA CLUB

30th OCTOBER 1935  Page 8 - AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME LXVI, ISSUE 257

LOAN COLLECTION
DOMINION PHOTOGRAPHS
EXHIBITION IN AUCKLAND
The prints submitted for competition by the various New Zealand camera clubs in 1935 are now being shown at the Auckland Art Gallery, the exhibition having been arranged under the direction of the library committee of the Auckland City Council. The exhibition has been made possible by the Auckland Camera Club and Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland, and on each print has been attached the adjudicator's award and remarks.

In the competition first and second prizes came to Auckland, while the champion photograph of the year was awarded to Mr. Spencer Digby, of Wellington, for a portrait study. By virtue of first and second awards the Auckland Camera Club will hold the Bledisloe Cup. The exhibition, which has been tastefully arranged, will continue till 16th November.


1st NOVEMBER 1935  Page 15 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXII, ISSUE 22255

PHOTOGRAPHY DISPLAY
COMPETITION PICTURES
A loan exhibition of photographs, comprising the prints submitted in competition by various New Zealand camera clubs in 1935, was opened at the Auckland Art Gallery by the deputy-Mayor, Mr. B. Martin, yesterday. Mr. J.W. Yarnall, chairman of the City Council Library Committee, presided.

Mr. Martin said Auckland people should have especial pride in the exhibition as the first and second clubs in the competition were the Auckland Camera Club and the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland respectively. Mr. Spencer Digby, of Wellington, had submitted the champion photograph, however. To the prize-winners Mr. Martin extended his congratulations. The 72 photographs, which have been loaned by six clubs, deal with a wide variety of subjects. The exhibition will continue until November 16th.



10th JANUARY 1936  Page 11 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXIII, ISSUE 22313

ART PHOTOGRAPHY
SUCCESS IN OVERSEAS SALONS
AUCKLAND EXHIBITORS
Information that he has been awarded a prize at the 15th Annual Competition of American Photography has been received by Mr. H.J. Schmidt, of Auckland. The competition attracted 5000 entries, of which only 350 were accepted and hung. The picture accepted was a fine figure study , entitled "Power and Poise". During recent months Mr. Schmidt has been successful at international salons of art photography in India, Ireland, South Africa and the United States. One notable exhibition at which his work was included was the Invitational Salon of the Photographic Society of America. For this a list of leading camera artists of the world was compiled, and each was invited to submit one example of his work for exhibition through the United States and Canada. Altogether 162 artists responded, the excellence of their work creating a marked impression on the critics. At the Western International Salon the following Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland were successful: Messrs. Gerald Jones, D. Lyon, H.E. Gaze and R. Gillingham.



20th AUGUST 1936  Page 16 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXIII, ISSUE 22502

CAMERA ART
ANNUAL EXHIBITION
ORIGINALITY DISPLAYED
AUCKLAND AND THE SOUTH
Auckland camera workers are again much to the fore in the second annual photographic exhibition of the Auckland Society of Arts, which will be opened in the society's clubrooms, Victoria Arcade, by the president, Mr. C.R. Ford, at a luncheon to-day.

Prints have been sent in by members of the Auckland Camera Club, the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland and kindred societies in Christchurch, Dunedin and Gisborne. There are also some independent entrants. As in a number of other exhibitions held in recent years the Auckland work shows decidedly more originality than the rest in choice of subjects and treatment, and greater effort to keep pace with contemporary movements in photographic art.

VARIETY OF SUBJECTS
Gerald E. Jones, whose bold-handled bromoil prints have been well known for many years, shows some typical examples that have already been seen by the public, together with a charming and deceptively straightforward portrait of a young girl, done in bright cherry pink. Seven or eight subjects by Douglas F. Lyons are most widely varied and some are highly original. "Abstraction", a negative print of a nude female figure, is a quaint design, rather like a modern development of the old art of silhouette. In "The Olive Grove" a stipple pattern in white has been worked over the print, giving an effect like that of a wood engraving. Among the rest is a lively study of a little girl mounted on a step-ladder and pegging garments on to a line.

R.M. Gillingham is represented by a rich-toned still life and two waterfront subjects. The landscape and figure work of H.E. Gaze, with its soft tone-contrasts, embodies a quite different method. "The Piper", by H.J. Schmidt, is a vigorous and amusing portrait and the tubes of the pipes help the general effect very much. Mr. Schmidt also has a fine study of a tanned and nude young man with a fencing foil held above his head. An anonymous photographer contributes a bird's-eye view of the statue at the Domain gateway, taken from the Wallace Block, and aptly titled, "In Statu Quo".

SOUTHERN WORK
In the Dunedin group are a river scene and a study of old trees in the well-known manner of George Chance. "Tenement Chimneys", by A.R. Harris, shows a modern trend.

Snow and ice give some of the Christchurch photographers an opportunity denied to those further north. "Nature's Design", by C.E. St. John, is an excellent representation of a mass of icicles in a bush glade. F.L. Bowron sends a study of a hitherto neglected subject, the classical interior of the Roman Catholic Cathedral. "Harvest", by W. Grant, shows a merry young girl in a wheat field.

Also worthy of mention are two striking portraits of the same model by P.S. Herbert, an unusual Auckland street scene in bromoil by E.C. Lackland, "Welding", a striking study by B.R. Grace, and three examples of photo-montage, two by H. Tornquist and one by K. Shea. There are a number of splendid examples of commercial work by E.R. Christensen, these specimens ranking with the best overseas efforts.



7th APRIL 1937  Page 10 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXIV, ISSUE 22696

AWARD FOR AUCKLAND PHOTOGRAPHS
Members of the group of photographic art workers, the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland, have received advice from London that the five prints which were sent to represent them at the Eighth Annual Salon conducted by the Western International Salon of Photography, have been awarded the second prize. The competition hold in conjunction with this exhibition is open to societies throughout the world, and the first and third awards were to English groups. The pictures sent from Auckland were "Shadows of the Past", by Gerald E. Jones; "Te Wahine", by H.J. Schmidt; "The Sentinel", by R.M. Gillingham; "Solitude", by H.E. Gaze; and "Form", by Douglas F. Lyons.



12th AUGUST 1937
Page 10 - EVENING STAR, ISSUE 22725
Page 11 - EVENING POST, VOLUME CXXIV, ISSUE 37
13th AUGUST 1937
Page 9 - PRESS, VOLUME LXXIII, ISSUE 22170
Page 8 - OTAGO DAILY TIMES, ISSUE 23268
Page 6 - MANAWATU STANDARD, VOLUME LVII, ISSUE 217
Page 13 - AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME LXVIII, ISSUE 191
14th AUGUST 1937
Page 15 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXIV, ISSUE 22807

NEW ZEALAND INTER-CLUB PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBITION
PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPETITION
DUNEDIN WINS BLEDISLOE CUP
CHAMPION EXHIBIT BY MISS J. NEVILL
The results of the inter-club photographic competition for the Bledisloe Cup are announced.

Dunedin Photographic Society	1015 points	1st
Wellington Camera Club	1005 points	2nd
Christchurch Photographic Society	994 points	3rd
Auckland Camera Club	953 points	4th
Invercargill Camera Club	937 points	5th
Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland	922 points	6th

The championship of the exhibition was awarded to the head of a boy submitted by Miss J. Nevill, of the Dunedin Photographic Society.



25th AUGUST 1937  Page 14 - OTAGO DAILY TIMES, ISSUE 23279

PHOTOGRAPHIC ART
DISPLAY OF CHAMPION PRINTS
The fact that the Bledisloe Cup, the photographic championship of New Zealand camera clubs, and also the championship award for the best individual study entered in the Dominion competition, both came to Dunedin this year, lends particular interest to the exhibition of entries in the New Zealand Inter-Club Competition which has been staged by the Dunedin Photographic Society. The display generally illustrates the steady progress being made in pictorial photography in the Dominion, comprising many thoughtfully conceived photographs and a consistently high standard of technical skill. There is variety in abundance. Each of the six clubs submitted 12 pictures, no individual member being allowed to enter more than two, and, although in some instances the aim has apparently been mainly for the unusual, there are several really outstanding entries.

One which merits very fully the attention that it is attracting is a study which won for Miss Joyce Nevill, of Dunedin, the championship for the best individual photograph. It is "Head of a Boy", a splendid portrait that loses nothing of pictorial effect. The comment of the judges was "Never yet has there been a perfect picture, but 'Head of a Boy' comes very near to it". It was awarded 97 marks. The other outstanding Dunedin entry was a landscape shown by Mr. C.A. Weedon, "Central Otago", which was awarded 86 marks and earned glowing praise from the judges. The Dunedin Photographic Society could claim justly to have excelled in landscape work, these entries being worthy of special note.

In some of the North Island displays, that of Auckland in particular, there is a noticeable tendency toward stunt pictures. Some striking effects have, however, been obtained. There are very few landscapes, but one or two very fine portraits, notably that of Mr. Justice Blair, shown by Mr. Spencer Digby, of Wellington. It earned 91 marks, and the judges commented that "the print was true and simple without any extraneous heightening of effect, but showed evidence of temperament and environment in the countenance. One of the outstanding head studies of the exhibition". Another print that attracts immediate attention is that of Mr. M.A. M'Donald, of Wellington, "Pieta". "It is an exceptionally well conceived picture", the judges commented, "rich in quality and texture". It gained 93 marks.

The display, which is in the Dunedin Photographic Society rooms, is highly educative, and should attract many visitors during the remainder of the week. Admission is free.



18th SEPTEMBER 1937  Page 21 - PRESS, VOLUME LXXIII, ISSUE 22201

       

FINE EXAMPLES OF THE PHOTOGRAPHERS ART:

Two notable camera studies entered in the New Zealand Inter-Club competition held under the auspices of the Invercargill Camera Club. An exhibition of the competition photographs is at present being held at Beath's.

LEFT: "THE NAKED SWORD", a bromoil study by Mr. H.J. SCHMIDT F.R.S.A., an Auckland photographer and a member of the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland. This work was awarded 94 points out of 100.

RIGHT: "WATER LILY", by Miss E. THOMPSON, of the Christchurch Photographic Society. Ninety-two points were gained for this delightful bromide picture.



2nd NOVEMBER 1937
Page 14 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXIV, ISSUE 22875
Page 9 - AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME LXVIII, ISSUE 260

ART OF THE CAMERA
EXHIBITION IN AUCKLAND
The examples of pictorial photography submitted in the annual competition for Dominion camera clubs will be shown in the Auckland Art Gallery for a brief season commencing to-morrow. The collection comprises 72 prints, 12 having been chosen from each of the clubs of Wellington, Canterbury, Otago, Invercargill and Auckland, as well as from the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland. The collection represents a wide range of subjects, including portrait and figure studies, landscapes, seascapes, still life and industrial subjects.



4th NOVEMBER 1937  Page 16 - NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXIV, ISSUE 22877

CAMERA ART
NEW ZEALAND PRINTS
BLEDISLOE CUP ENTRIES
A large collection of photographs by members of six camera clubs in the principal centers of New Zealand was placed on view yesterday in the Auckland Art Gallery. The prints, numbering 72, were all entered in the annual inter-club competition for a cup presented some years ago by Lord Bledisloe. The competing bodies were the Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin and Invercargill Camera Clubs and the Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland. The contest was won by the Dunedin Club, with Wellington second and Christchurch third. Judging was carried out at Invercargill by Mr. T.H. Jenkin A.R.C.A., and Mr. F.R. Petrie.

The exhibition does not show any noticeable advance in New Zealand pictorial photography as regards either originality or technique. The best work is to be seen in the portraits, and there are some good architectural studies, but attempts at novel and unusual design fail to arouse the interest which the photographers tried to provoke. Genre subjects appear to have been neglected, and open landscapes are treated in a way that does scant justice to the New Zealand countryside. However, it is clear that the Dominion has many earnest and painstaking photographic workers, who may be expected to do better in future years.

A portrait of Mr. Justice Blair, by Spencer Digby, of Wellington, is a remarkable character study, achieved with strong lighting. "Innocence," a bromoil print of a little girl, by Gerald E. Jones, of Auckland, and "Head of a Boy", the champion print, by Joyce Nevill, of Dunedin, represent childhood most charmingly. A study of a bagpiper by H.J. Schmidt, and "Popeye", an old sailorman, by P.K. Daws, both of Auckland, introduce a welcome element of humor. Mr. Schmidt's "The Naked Sword" is much the best figure subject. A study of a climber on a snowfield by J.D. Knowles, of Invercargill, is remarkable for excellent tone-quality, and the texture of the snow is beautifully rendered.



23rd DECEMBER 1937  Page 18 - EVENING POST, VOLUME CXXIV, ISSUE 151

CAMERA CLUB
EXHIBITION OF PRINTS
The high standard reached in the art of photography in the Dominion is exemplified in the exhibition of photographs at present displayed by the Wellington Camera Club in Kirkcaldie and Stains lounge. The photographs are those which were entered for the trophy given by Lord Bledisloe.

Dunedin Photographic Society	1015 points	1st
Wellington Camera Club	1005 points	2nd
Christchurch Photographic Society	994 points	3rd
Auckland Camera Club	953 points	4th
Invercargill Camera Club	937 points	5th
Camera Pictorialists, of Auckland	922 points	6th

Twelve prints were entered by each club. At the foot of each are attached the judge's remarks, with all of which all photographers are hardly likely to agree. Nevertheless they are instructive and add greatly to the interest.

"There has never yet been a perfect picture", remark the judges, but they reckoned that "Head of a Boy", by Miss Joyce Nevill, Dunedin, approached perfection very nearly and awarded it 97 marks out of a possible 100. The picture won the individual championship.

The competition prints take up one whole wall, the opposite side of the lounge being devoted to an exhibition of photographs by Mr. J.W. Johnson, a local member of the Royal Photographic Society (London) and also a keen member of the Wellington Camera Club. Mr. Johnson has made pictures, not mere photographs, of almost every conceivable subject, and his display is as extensive as it is interesting.

© PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBITIONS OF AUSTRALIA