YMCA Camera Circle

1943 YMCA Camera Circle formed Sydney
1953 YMCA Camera Circle formed Hobart, Tasmania
1953 YMCA Camera Circle formed Broken Hill, New South Wales

LIFE MEMBERSHIP
Mr. Mark Short	Mr. W. Clifford Noble AFIAP	Mr. R.L. Paul AFIAP, ARPS, ESFIAP	28th June 1962 Mr. A.R. Andrews	1970 Val Wisken Arnold O'Hanlon	1971 Fred Halmerrick

HONORARY MEMBERSHIP
1947 Mr. W.J.H. Mayson and Mr. H.S. Grenenger who, by their efforts, have been largely responsible for raising the status of the YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE	1953 May 22nd Mr. Keast Burke Mr. Woodward Smith	1962 to 1966 Mr. F. Halmarick	1963 to 1966 Mr. Noel Judd	1964 to 1966 Mr. Allen Gray	1971 to 1972 Mr. Allen G. Gray Hon.EFIAP, APSA Mr. Noel Judd ESFIAP

April 1944 Page 116 - Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The first annual meeting was held on 24th February, when the following officers were elected.
President, W. Mayson; Vice-President, H. Grenenger; Hon.Secretary, E. Holden; Hon. Treasurer, Miss E. Banner; Committee, Miss M. Keen, Messrs. L. Presdee, G. Gow.

The winners of the year’s aggregate in competitions were:

Winners of the Year’s Aggregate in Competitions: A GRADE:			Winners of the Year’s Aggregate in Competitions: B GRADE:
FIRST L. Presdee	SECOND E. Holden	THIRD W.J.H. Mayson	FIRST Mrs V. Malmgren	SECOND A. Soper	THIRD Miss C. Fripp

A review of the year’s work showed that even though the Circle had been formed under difficult circumstances, due to material shortages, etc., it was pleasing to note the advancement made. Visitors are welcome at meetings. Intending members may communicate with the Hon.Secretary, Mr. E. Holden, c/o YMCA for particulars of the Circle’s activities.

May 1944 Page 149 - Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 9th March, an interesting lecture on “Producing the Print” was given by Mr. Clarence B. Young, who illustrated many points with a portfolio of his own work. The lecturer concluded the evening projecting a fine collection of Kodachrome Transparencies. Mr. G. Gow on behalf of the members conveyed a vote of thanks to Mr. Young for his instructive lecture.

On the 23rd March, was monthly competition night. Awards were:

A GRADE: Trees:			B GRADE: Trees:
FIRST L. Presdee	SECOND W.J.H. Mayson	THIRD Miss E. Banner	FIRST J. Malmgren	SECOND S. Fitzgerald	THIRD Mrs. V. Malmgren

June 1944 Page 160 - Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The lecture on 6th April, was given by Mr. J.R, Taylor, who spoke on "ancient" and modern types of camera. After demonstrating various uses and the advantages of both cameras, he stated that there is still a great demand for the old stand camera in modern photography, regardless of the features of the present day miniature.

The results of the Portraiture competition on 20th April, were as follows:

A GRADE: Portraiture:			B GRADE: Portraiture:
FIRST E. Holden	SECOND W.J.H. Mayson	THIRD H. Grenenger	FIRST S. Fitzgerald	SECOND J. Malmgren	THIRD Mrs. V. Malmgren

July 1944 Page 194 - Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Results of the April Portraiture competition were as follows:

A GRADE: Portraiture:			B GRADE: Portraiture:
FIRST E. Holden	SECOND Miss E. Banner	THIRD H. Grenenger	FIRST S. Fitzgerald	SECOND J. Malmgren	THIRD Mrs. V. Malmgren

On 1st June, Mr. A.W. Gale ARPS, projected his collection of color transparencies of Europe.

August 1944 Page 261 - Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The open competition on June 15th gave the following results:

A GRADE: Open:			B GRADE: Open:
FIRST E. Holden	SECOND W. Mayson	THIRD Miss E. Banner	FIRST G. Gow	SECOND A. Soper

The first week-end outing was attended by some 10 members, who hired a cottage on the mountains for three days. This proved to be an asset to the social side of the Club, besides offering more photographic scope than merely a one day trip.

On 29th June, Mr. E. Holden spoke on the “final touch" of the print and demonstrated the use of retouching knives. Later, members were entertained by a visiting leading seaman of the U.S. Navy Photographic staff, who spoke of aerial infra-red work and of various club doings in America.

September 1944 Page 311 - Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
At the meeting on 13th July, Mr. A.R. Eade impressed members by demonstrating his unique method of “print retouching” with negative and household dyes and brushes and also exhibited some excellent prints showing various stages of the treatment.

The combined “Still Life” and “Table Top” Competition held on 27th July, resulted:

A GRADE: Still Life and Table Top:			B GRADE: Still Life and Table Top:
FIRST H. Grenenger	SECOND W. Mayson	THIRD E. Holden	FIRST G. Gow	SECOND Mrs. V. Malmgren	THIRD J. Malmgren

October 1944 Page 362 - Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 10th August, Mr. Henri Mallard gave a highly technical lecture on the “Use and Misuse” of Color filters for all types of film and plates. Also examples were shown where better results are obtained without the use of filters in some cases.

The Australian landscape competition on August 24th resulted:

A GRADE: Australian Landscape:			B GRADE: Australian Landscape:
FIRST W. Mayson	SECOND E. Holden	THIRD H. Grenenger	FIRST Mrs. V. Malmgren	SECOND J. Malmgren

On 7th September, Mr. Keast Burke B.Ec., ARPS, treated the Club to a delightful evening with a lecture on “Photographic Thoughts”. After distributing an index of his own “Elementary Pictorial Dictionary”, the members selected particular questions for further explanation, which covered quite a wide field. The lecturer was heartily thanked on behalf of the Club by Mr. Gow, who also announced and made welcome Mr. P.S. Groom, a Melbourne visitor to Sydney and Vice-President of the Photographic Society of Victoria.

November 1944 Page 408 - Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On the 21st September a demonstrative talk on lens shutters was given by Mr. G. Gow, when a wide field was covered, the lecturer dealing with various types dating as far back as forty years ago. Results for the competition, “Winter, Rain or Mist”, were as follows:

COMPETITION - Winter, Rain or Mist:

FIRST
L. Fisher

SECOND
E. Banner

THIRD
V.L. Springett

The night of October 5th proved to be a memorable one for the Circle by virtue of the fact that the Committee had been able to secure, through the courtesy of Kodak Ltd., a loan collection of some one hundred and fifty prints, the work of A.P.-R. prizewinners during the past year. Members paid tribute to those workers whose enthusiasm and technical knowledge had made possible this fine collection.

December 1944 Page 416 - Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On October 19th there were fourteen entries for the subject “Against the Light”, results being.

A GRADE: Against The Light:

FIRST
W. Mayson

SECOND
V.L. Springett

THIRD
H. Grenenger

B GRADE: Against The Light:

FIRST
G. Gow

On 2nd November, Clarence B. Young gave a practical demonstration of his “Enlarging Technique”, emphasizing his straight forward method as having no secrets. He also enlarged a few subjects on Kodabrom paper, showing various stages of dodging in, etc., finally presenting the Club with an autographed exhibition print for their Club collection.

January 1945 Page 6 - Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Competition night on 16th November, brought in 17 prints for Cloud Study and the results were:

A GRADE: Cloud Study:

FIRST
H. Grenenger

SECOND
W. Mayson

THIRD
E. Holden

Mr. Mayson, who later gave a talk on “Lighting in Portraiture”, explained the many permissible view points for exposure by having lamps correctly set in one arrangement. On November 23rd the club held a social evening, included in the program was an attractive “House Exhibition” of some 50 prints from which Mr. Glass of Kodak selected an architectural study by Miss E. Banner as being the best entry.

March 1945 Page 106 - Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On January 11th, Mr. A. W. Gale ARPS, provided interest to members with a lecture on “Composition” displaying sketched examples of “Symbolic Structures” used basically in all pictorial art, expressing also the need for simplicity in design in present-day pictorial photography.

For the “Child Study” competition on January 25th, the results were:

A GRADE: Child Study:

FIRST
W. Mayson

SECOND
E. Holden

THIRD
H. Grenenger

The Club’s outing on 4th February was around the Mona Vale district, which proved a successful field.

1st April 1945 Page 150 - Vol. 52 No. 4 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Results of the architectural Competition on 22nd February were;

COMPETITION: Architectural:

FIRST
H. Grenenger

SECOND
Miss L. Fisher

THIRD EQUAL
W. Mayson / J. Malmgren

The second annual meeting was held on the 8th March and the highest point scorers for the year’s aggregate in competitions were:

A GRADE Highest Point Scorers
For The Year’s Aggregate in Competitions:

FIRST
W. Mayson

SECOND
H. Grenenger

THIRD
E. Holden

B GRADE Highest Point Scorers
For The Year’s Aggregate in Competitions:

FIRST
J. Malmgren

SECOND
Mrs. V. Malmgren

THIRD
G. Gow

On the 8th February the members were treated to a lecture by Mr. Robert Johnson, in which he dealt with the psychology of being a successful photographer and established the fact that the first essential was confidence. The simplicity of the science is amazing and no other hobby to the lecturer’s knowledge provides all the necessary facilities for technique in a few little booklets. For instance, one booklet tells you all that is necessary to know on filters and five such books had all the technical side of photography worked out and condensed into a few simple processes, texts and formulas that enable an amateur to become the envy of his friends. A bottle of developing solution could be purchased for 1/6, the label of which tells you how to develop any film and the amazing part of it is that even in the hands of the beginner it works! He also pointed out that it is not even essential to have modern equipment to produce startling results and modestly related anecdotes of how he had been put to shame in competition with those possessed of prototype models that he himself would have felt embarrassed to be even seen with. He showed pictures that he had taken with equipment of over fifty years old which would be a credit to any photographer possessing modern equipment.

1st May 1945 Page 202 - Vol. 52 No. 5 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Now in its third year, a very healthy babe, full of vigor and too, in a sound financial position, with a bumper crop of new members.

The new syllabus is now available, showing a very attractive array of technical lectures, monthly competitions and a complete coverage of elementary lectures for beginners. A copy of this syllabus is obtainable from the Hon.Secretary.

First competition of the current year was “Steps and Stairs” and resulted:

A GRADE: Steps And Stairs:

FIRST
H. Grenenger

SECOND
Miss E. Banner

THIRD
R. Bradley

B GRADE: Steps And Stairs:

FIRST
J. Malmgren

The season’s first 30-minute lecture, “How the Camera Works”, in the beginners section, was given by Mr. W. Mayson.

On April 5th, a demonstration on “Print Retouching with Dyes and Oils” was given by Mr. A.R. Eade.

1st July 1945 Page 300 - Vol. 52 No. 7 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Recent lectures and demonstrations have been planned with a view to elucidating the mysteries of such things as retouching and print improvement generally. To this end, A.R. Eade demonstrated his dye control process and Clarence B. Young followed with a convincing practical exposition of his methods which were described in the A.P.-R. last year. Club members took the pencils in turn and satisfied themselves as to the ease of the process.

At a following meeting, Mr. Reg. Johnson’s studio was visited and members were invited to try their hands on studies of the model. He claimed that portraiture was the simplest of all photographic subjects and certainly it all appeared very easy as we watched our host confidently handling background, lighting and posing.

A recent competition for “Zoological Subject” resulted:

A GRADE: Zoological Subject:			B GRADE: Zoological Subject:
FIRST V.L. Springett	SECOND H. Grenenger	THIRD C. Smith	FIRST W. Newman	SECOND G.S. Gow	THIRD Mrs. Malmgren

A lecture by V.L. Springett on “Subjects and Exposure” evoked much interest.

1st August 1945 Page 382 - Vol. 52 No. 8 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On June 14th, a “Humorous” Competition resulted as follows:

A GRADE: Humorous:			B GRADE: Humorous:
FIRST V.L. Springett	SECOND H. Grenenger	THIRD Miss L. Fisher	FIRST W. Newman	SECOND G.S. Gow	THIRD Mrs. Malmgren

This was followed by a lecture on the darkroom by W. Mayson.

June 15th to 18th the Circle held its annual field week end at Katoomba. Some members insisted, “No sun, no pictures”, but to-day they are sorry folks, for some truly beautiful and remarkable fog pictures are coming to light and with certain shading precautions that peculiarly flat light has produced some remarkable outdoor portraiture. One outstanding feature is the intensity of that flat foggy light. Owners of visual and electric meters checked the light values and despite their calculations, practically all negatives being produced appear to err on the overexposed side.

On June 28, a lecture on selection and composition was delivered by Mr. J.L. Glass, of Kodak. A remarkable series of examples was projected by Mr. Glass and these set a high standard for members to emulate.

1st September 1945 Page 390 - Vol. 52 No. 9 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
For the architectural competition results are as follows:

A GRADE: Architectural:			B GRADE: Architectural:
FIRST V.L. Springett	SECOND H. Grenenger	THIRD R. Bradley	FIRST W. Newman	SECOND E. Hart	THIRD G.S. Gow

A lecture following, by R. Bradley, was on “Developers and Development”.

The Club’s annual movie evening was held in the rooms on July 26th, and August 9th was a display of trees, plus an additional exhibition of portraiture, as a result of a visit to the studio of Mr. Reg. Johnson.

The entries were criticized and judged by Mr. Johnson, results:

A GRADE: Portraiture:			A GRADE: Trees:			B GRADE: Trees:
FIRST H. Grenenger	SECOND V.L. Springett	THIRD Miss Y. Dobney	FIRST W. Mayson	SECOND E. Holden	THIRD H. Grenenger	FIRST G.S. Gow	SECOND R. Clancy	THIRD W. Newman

These competitions were followed by a talk on negative faults, by Miss L. Fisher.

1st October 1945 Page 434 - Vol. 52 No. 10 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On August 29th a lecture on “Exposure and Development” was given by Mr. Henri Mallard.

The competition, “Pattern and Texture”, resulted:

A GRADE: Pattern And Texture:

FIRST
Miss Y. Dobney

SECOND
V.L. Springett

THIRD
H. Grenenger

B GRADE: Pattern And Texture:

FIRST
W. Newman

V.L. Springett gave a lecture on “How to make prints”.

1st March 1946 Page 146 - Vol. 53 No. 3 The Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
At the annual meeting on March 7, the following were appointed for the ensuing year; President, W. Mayson; Vice-President and Darkroom Officer, H. Grenenger; Vice-President and Welfare Officer, E. Holden; Miss Esma Banner (now serving in Germany with "United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration") was re-elected as Secretary; G.S. Gow has been appointed Acting Secretary; R. Bradley was elected as Treasurer and E. Hart as Publicity Officer; the Equipment Officership went to J. Malmgren and W. Newman was elected as Auditor, with a Committee consisting of V.L. Springett, H.S. Bell and L. Joseph.

The President reported a very successful year and the Club’s strength was increased by a good percentage of new members.

The Secretary is making a collection of pictures of devastated Europe. She expects to be there for some time yet.

The Club’s new darkroom has been completely equipped during the year and is proving a decided acquisition to members.

The annual awards for best work during the year were:

1945-46 ANNUAL AGGREGRATE IN COMPETITIONS:
CLASS A: FIRST H.S. Grenenger V.L. Springett	CLASS A: THIRD W.J.H. Mayson -	CLASS B: FIRST W. Newman -	CLASS B: SECOND G.S. Gow -	CLASS B: THIRD Mrs V. Malmgren -

1st April 1946 Page 160 - Vol. 53 No. 4 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
A talk on “Pictorial Composition” on April 4th, was given by Clarence B. Young, the main points being:

Photographic composition differs from artists rules because, in painting a picture, the artist can balance colors, whereas the photographer has to work in monochrome. The seven main forms of composition are the pyramid, cross, radiation, circle, L, S and scales. For portraits, the best composition is generally achieved by using the cross or pyramid; for groups the circle or radiation; and for landscapes the L, S or scales. Diagonal lines suggest speed and action. A vertical composition may be used to suggest stability or strength. It is a good idea to divide the picture into thirds, both vertically and horizontally. The main object should then be near one of the intersections. The eye is attracted towards the point of greatest contrast in the picture. It is desirable, therefore, that the main object in the picture should be the point of greatest contrast or, if the main object is a half-tone, the point of greatest contrast should be near to it.

The Circle is commencing a new series of lectures designed to teach beginners the fundamentals of good photography. The first three lectures are:

April 18:	“The Lens”	Types, focal length, aperture, etc.
May 16:	“The Camera”	Types, their uses and limitations.
June 13:	“Films and Plates”	Emulsions and their applications.

All interested persons are invited to the meetings which are held at 8pm on alternate Thursdays at the YMCA, 325 Pitt Street.

1st May 1946 Page 210 - Vol. 53 No. 5 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 18th April, the results of the “Men at Work” competition, judged by the Associate Editor, were received as follows:

COMPETITION - Men At Work:
FIRST E. Holden	SECOND R. Bradley	THIRD EQUAL H. Grenenger / W. Mayson / E. Holden

In summing up the contest, the judge said; A study of the majority of entries would go to show that it is not so much a matter of discovering suitable subject matter as it is of utilizing that material to the best possible advantage when it has been located”.

The new series of lectures for beginners commenced on the same evening with a talk on lenses by G.S. Gow, who described the evolution of the modern anastigmat.

On the week-end of 26th to 28th April, the Circle visited the YMCA camp at Yarramundi on the Grose River. Here, in truly photogenic surroundings, a week-end of photography and good fellowship was enjoyed. Highlight of the week-end was a demon stration of artificial light portraiture given in the camp’s main hall by E. Holden. Although it is often claimed that two lights are enough for portraiture, Mr. Holden said he found a third lamp essential. His usual three-lamp arrangement was to have one lamp near the camera for flat over-all lighting, a second at 45 deg. away from and above the camera for modeling and a third to light up shadows and back areas. This third lamp was generally best at the back, especially with dark-haired persons and could then be simply an ordinary naked 60 watt lamp held behind the sitter’s head.

On 2nd May, Mr. Henri Mallard demonstrated his methods of sepia toning. He first emphasized that the photographer must know which prints would be better toned and which would not. As there are no two prints alike, each needs individual treatment. For instance, a sea or snow scene looks more realistic in black and white, but in a landscape, the land and foliage are generally more realistic in sepia and the sky appears neither better nor worse than in black and white. First the lecturer demonstrated the usual method of bleaching in ferricyanide and bromide, then re-developing in sodium sulphide. He stressed that for perfect results, the following points must be observed: The original print must have been fully developed. If it has not, it contains insufficient silver and therefore, as the silver sulphide of the toned image is less opaque than the original silver, the toned print will look anemic. The original print must have been fully fixed, otherwise a permanent yellow stain will appear. The original print must have been fully washed, otherwise the ferricyanide in the bleach will combine with the residual hypo in the print to form Farmer’s reducer, which will reduce the print permanently. There must be no rust in the tap water used, otherwise blue specks will appear on the print. The lecturer then showed a modification of the above method, having certain advantages.

The ferricyanide was replaced by permanganate, the bleach used being:
5% Potassium Permanganate ... 1 oz.
10% Potassium Bromide ... 1 oz.
Water to ... 10 oz.

After bleaching, the print had a brown stain which was cleared in 5% metabisulphite. It was then redeveloped in 5% sodium sulphide, the tone obtained being a rich nut-brown, colder than that obtained with ferricyanide. The two outstanding advantages of this method over the usual ferricyanide bleach were:
1. The presence of traces of hypo in the print could have no ill-effect because, as the bleach contained no ferricyanide, no Farmer’s reducer could be formed. (On the contrary, permanganate is a hypo-eliminator).
2. The presence of rust in the tap water could no longer cause blue specks on the print.

At YMCA Camera Circle excursion to Yarramundi,
Vice-President H. Grenenger photographs member
Mr. I. Jones as a “Man at Work!"

1st June - 1st July 1946 Page 325 - Vol. 53 No. 6 and 7 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 16th May, the following results of the “Child Study” competition were received from the judge, Clarence B. Young ARPS, APSA:

COMPETITION: Child Study:
FIRST B. Smith	SECOND H.S. Bell	THIRD W. Mayson

On the same evening, H.S. Bell continued the “Lectures for Beginners” with a talk on cameras. Paradoxical as it may seem, he said, miniature cameras, with their great depth of field and consequent latitude in focusing, frequently have coupled range finders, whereas larger cameras with long-focus lenses having practically no depth of field, invariably lack them.

On 30th May, Mr. W. Clifford Noble demonstrated photographic make-up for portraiture and character study. He said that, as flesh tones are mainly reddish and Pan materials so red sensitive, skin tones appear washed out in a photograph on Pan film. Although this does not happen with Ortho, make-up is still needed to change the apparent shape of features. Make-up cannot change features altogether, but some may be accentuated and others made less prominent. As ordinary make-up contains mainly red tones, the first thing a female model has to do is remove her street make-up, this being replaced by make-up containing tan or brown tones only, the idea being to mask the red tones of the skin.

The kit used by the lecturer for portraiture included: Two sticks of grease paint (one brown, one white); eyebrow pencil; dark brown powder, made by tinting white or light-colored powder with Armenian bole and yellow ochre; liquid leg-tan; lipstick (red cannot be used, so if brown is unobtainable, dark brown grease paint is used); cold cream. Additional items required for character study work are spirit gum, methylated spirits, crepe hair, a small pair of scissors, cotton wool and liquid paraffin (to soften grease paint).

From the audience, Mr. Noble selected a “victim” on whom he demonstrated make-up for portraiture. His model had deep-set eyes, so the shaded portions were lighted with white. Edges of the white could not be sharp, but had to merge into the surrounding area. Other depressions, such as a hollow in the chin, were similarly lightened. The subject’s wide nose was narrowed by applying brown grease paint to the edges. Had the nose been narrow, white grease paint would have been applied up to the bridge to make up the width. Dark-brown grease paint was used to reduce the plumpness of a prominent chin. After the grease paint had been applied, sufficient powder to merge the toned areas was patted on with a piece of cotton wool. Eyebrow pencil was used to darken the brows. It was applied with short strokes and smoothed off with the finger. The hands and ears were toned down with leg tan.

Another member was then made up for a character study of an Italian fisherman. The subject was dark and eyebrow pencil was used to further darken above the eyes. All lines were accentuated and crepe hair was attached to the upper lip and chin with spirit gum. Mr. Noble said that although the crepe hair might not look real in life, it is quite satisfactory in a photograph.

PLANNING
H.S. GRENEGER

1st August 1946 Page 382 - Vol. 53 No. 8 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 13th June, Mr. Henri Mallard judged the “Landscape or Seascape” competition and awarded:

COMPETITION: Landscape or Seascape:
FIRST H.S. Bell	SECOND W. Mayson	THIRD W. Mayson

Twenty members participated in an excursion to the Blue Mountains on King’s Birthday week-end.

On 27th June, Robert Cleland, color photographer of the Consolidated Press, lectured on color printing, particularly the Eastman Wash-off Relief Process. This method, like other color printing processes, requires three color separation negatives. From these negatives, three positives are made on Wash-off Relief film. The positives are dyed in baths of the respective primary colors and then squeegeed in succession on to a sheet of paper. The three dyes, thus transferred in register, give a full-color print. The lecturer said that in practice the process required considerable experience and great care at all stages. However, the results he exhibited showed that perseverance with this method is fully rewarded.

1st September 1946 Page 445 - Vol. 53 No. 9 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Although many different methods of print retouching have been recommended to the photographer, no one system seems yet to have been devised which is completely satisfactory for all purposes. For instance, dyes are excellent for spotting, but it is difficult to apply them evenly to large areas. Oils, on the other hand, are excellent for this latter purpose, but useless for spotting. On 25th July, A.R. Eade demonstrated a print-finishing technique which combined the best features of the two methods. He first used dyes to fill in white spots and darken small areas; then the print was worked up with oil and turpentine and oil color was applied to any large areas which needed toning down. This combination of two retouching methods placed in the hands of the worker a most versatile means of altering the tone of both small and large areas in any print.

Continuing the “lectures for Beginners” on 11th July, R. Bradley dealt with the problems of exposure and R. Cunningham, on 8th August, discussed darkroom equipment and design.

The Circle recently decided to install floodlighting equipment to illuminate the exhibition board used for the monthly competitions. An investigation was carried out to determine the best form of glare-free lighting. The system finally found to be most satisfactory was the use of 150-watt incandescent daylight lamps in a long trough reflector slung from the ceiling so that the illumination reached the board at any angle of 45 deg. from above. For comfortable viewing of prints on a large board, it was found best to use two watts per square foot of board area at a distance of 10 feet.

We note with interest a statement in the article “What the New Member Wants” (A.P.-R. for June-July) that ”... a good club is one where the members get there early and . . . have time and opportunity for a good discussion afterwards”. It is our club practice to devote an hour after each meeting to an informal discussion over supper. This is a fine way to develop good fellowship amongst members, as well as to discuss one another’s photographic problems. After two years experience of this system, it has become an integral part of our program, ranking in importance with the lectures and competitions.

1st October 1946 Page 502 - Vol. 53 No. 10 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On August 22nd Mr. A.W. Gale ARPS, projected a series of his 35mm color transparencies taken during a trip through Europe. These pictures, mostly taken with a Retina, emphasized the value of the modern miniature camera to the traveler as a small and accurate pictorial note-taker. The “lectures for Beginners” were continued on 5th September, with a talk by member E. Hart on the theory and practice of development. To encourage beginners to enter the print competitions, the Club now conducts a special section in the contests for them. Prints in this section are limited in size to a maximum of post-card; subsequently an instructive analysis is provided in respect of each entry. The quarterly Club outing was held on 8th September; the twenty members who participated spent a pleasant day in the Cobbitty district.

1st November 1946 Page 512 - Vol. 53 No. 11 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 19th September the Circle was the guest of Mr. R. Perier at the Russell Roberts studios. Mr. Perier first showed the various stages in the production of a commercial photograph. In the studio he demonstrated how, by means of various pieces of furniture and other simple “props”, effective backgrounds and settings were created. Then, in the darkroom, he explained their tank development methods and pointed out that, for work of this nature, the “time-and temperature” system gave the most consistent results. An exception was made in the case of negatives known to be underexposed, when a special developer was used and development was carried out by inspection to produce the best result possible. In the printing room, he demonstrated the enlarging equipment. One massive Kodak enlarger was so counter balanced that it responded to the lightest touch and at all degrees of enlargement, it automatically maintained sharp focus.

Another enlarger, used in the production of photo murals, projected an image as large as a shop window. After inspecting this image, some members commented on the absence of grain in it. Mr. Perier explained that above a certain degree of enlargement, grain gradually became indiscernible.

The remainder of the evening was devoted to a demonstration of portraiture by Mr. Perier. Although normally soft lighting is generally employed, Mr. Perier showed that, where dramatic effects are desired, a typical lighting arrangement was the use of a large spotlight for the main source, together with a fill-in flood lamp and local illumination on the background. Members then made portraits of the model with their own cameras.

On 3rd October another talk in the series “lectures for Beginners” was given by Mr. Harold Bell, who discussed negative intensification and reduction. The most that one could expect from this treatment, he said, was an improvement in the contrast of negatives which were too flat. No amount of intensification could put shadow detail into an underexposed negative.

1st December 1946 Page 576 - Vol. 53 No. 12 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
During a lecture on color photography given on 17th October, Mr. Clarence B. Young ARPS, APSA, said that the photographer had to forget entirely his black-and-white methods when he took up color work. In fact, an entirely new outlook was required. He considered that monochrome photography would never die because, for some purposes, it gave a mode of expression which could not be equaled in color work.

Some interesting points he mentioned were:

EXPOSURE
With films like Kodachrome, accurate exposure is essential, as the processing is done by reversal methods and is regulated for correct exposures only. The use of an exposure meter is always advisable.

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
EXHIBITION
The Judge (Mr. Henri Mallard) congratulates Mr. Harold Bell,
winner of the first award.
(Photograph by H. Grenenger)

COLOUR OF LIGHT
The film is balanced for normal bright light. When clouds are present or when working at high altitudes, the light is more blue. Filters are available for the correction of unusual light conditions, but their use by the beginner is not advisable until he thoroughly understands what he is doing.

PROJECTION OF TRANSPARENCIES
To ensure correct color balance, the projector must give a pure white light; consequently, old lamps should never be used.

At the Third Annual Exhibition of Members Prints held on 31st October, the Judge, Mr. Henri Mallard, pointed out that, as photography was international and we could appreciate pictures produced in foreign countries, it was helping to cement international fellowship and understanding. The awards were as follows:

Third Annual Exhibition of Members Prints:
FIRST H.S. Bell “STORY TIME”	SECOND H. Grenenger “THE STATION ON THE HILL”	THIRD H.S. Bell “CLEOPATRA”

1st January 1947 Page 51 - Vol. 54 No. 1 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 14th November, Mr. Gow gave a demonstrated lecture on Contact Printing. The lecturer emphasized that the beginner must supplement the lecture with reading and should refrain from using bromide paper until he masters the use of gaslight. All present were impressed by the pendulum timing device attached to the printing box.

As the night of the 28th was devoted to Character Study, the Club members were divided into groups of three, one to be the model and the remaining two photographer and his assistant. Some members went to great measures with the making-up by using crepe hair, etc., the work being a credit to them. Four lights were used and arranged to suit the individual tastes of the photographer. The night was voted as a great success and a similar night is certain to be included in next year's syllabus.

Commencing on the 30th November, the Club had a week-end outing at the YMCA Camp, Yarramundi. Although the absence of sun restricted landscape work, an abundance of action shots on the cricket field was to be had.

1st February 1947 Page 62 - Vol. 54 No. 2 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On January 9th, during a demonstration of his enlarging technique, Mr. A.W. Gale ARPS, said that the most important step towards making a good enlargement is the initial production of a first-rate negative.

He continued by saying that the four most common faults in amateur enlargements are:
l. Fog and flatness due to not masking down the negative in the carrier.
2. Fogging from an unsafe "safe-light".
3. Stain caused by over development.
4. Overexposure and underdevelopment, which cause uneven tonal gradation with "muddy" blacks.

He stressed the value of glossy paper because of its longer scale of gradation, thus enabling a greater illusion of reality to be obtained.

1st March 1947 Page 120 - Vol. 54 No. 3 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 2nd January, twenty members participated in an enjoyable outing to Emu Plains.

A demonstration of portrait lighting and lighting equipment was given on 6th February by Mr. J. Pinnock. He emphasized that expensive equipment was not needed for first-class work. Two lamps only were required and these could be quite inexpensive, especially if the photographer built his own stands. In addition, a couple of white-painted boards were needed for reflecting light. The most common fault he had found in the work of the beginner in portraiture by artificial light, was the use of too many lights and too much light. Another common failing was the use of the wrong type of globe, photographic PhotoFlood lamps only should be used. Backgrounds, too, were very important. These should be kept plain so as not to attract undue attention. The framing and composition of the pictures should be carefully handled. For this, a reflex or ground-glass focusing camera is of great assistance. It is always a good practice to allow plenty of space around the subject on the negative in order to facilitate composing the picture when the print is being made. Finally, he said that it was desirable to keep the lighting soft and the development normal to soft.

1st April 1947 Page 176 - Vol. 54 No. 4 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
At the Fourth Annual Meeting on 6th March, the President, Mr. W.J.H. Mayson, was able to report that the Circle, founded during the difficult war years, was now a thriving organization of enthusiastic, active camera workers.

First prize in the year's point-score competition was awarded to Mr. H.S. Bell.

Activities of the past year consisted of twelve print competitions, two lectures, six demonstrations, two screenings of color transparencies, two studio evenings, a members exhibition, four one-day outings, and one three-day trip. The club now has available a well equipped darkroom and an extensive library, whi1st studio lighting equipment is at present being installed in the club rooms.

Mr. Mayson was re-elected as President and Mr. G.S. Gow was appointed Hon.Secretary.

As a gesture of appreciation, honorary membership was conferred on Mr. Mayson and Mr. H.S. Grenenger who, by their efforts, have been largely responsible for raising the status of the club to its present position.

1st May 1947 Page 238 - Vol. 54 No. 5 The Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The majority of photographers, whether they be amateur or professional, feel the need of sundry adjuncts and devices to expedite their processes and many have adopted some of these gadgets or accessories for this particular purpose. The application of this word "gadget" seems to be when such device, are of the improvised or home-made variety and the word "accessories" when commercially produced. Mr. L.G. Clark, a very ingenious and practical person of a mechanical turn of mind, seems to have developed quite a flair for the creation of many scores of these devices, some of his own creation and others from details published in popular magazines.

On the 3rd April, Mr. Clark demonstrated to the Club some dozens from his collection. The most vivid of my recollections included: a chemical balance made on the principle of a butcher's steelyard, focusing devices for enlargers, a foot switch, material for filtering chemicals, use of the enlarger for copying and many other interesting devices.

1st June 1947 Page 340 - Vol. 54 No. 6 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 1st May, Mr. Gordon Thomson discussed methods of determining exposure. He said that the basic fact to remember is that a scene is photographed by reflected light. The maximum brightness range which the average negative emulsion can record is about 120 to 1. Fortunately, most subjects have a lower range than this. For instance, the usual range for a landscape subject is 30 or 40 to 1. In this case, three separate correct exposures could be given. Any of these exposures would produce a negative which was perfect for contact printing but, for enlarging, the minimum exposure would be the most suitable. The lecturer described the following methods of determining exposure:

1. Sensitive Paper Meters:
These meters measure the incident light by seeing how long a piece of sensitive paper takes to darken. A well-known example of this type is the Watkins Meter, but they have now largely fallen into disuse owing to their slowness in operation.

2. Calculators:
These work on the same principle all exposure tables. They take into account the time of day, the season of the year, the extent to which the light from the sky is obstructed by clouds and the nature (eg, reflecting power) of the subject.

3. Visual Extinction Meters:
In these meters a series of numbers is seen against a graduated wedge. The user selects the last number that it is possible to see under the prevailing conditions and from a calculator fixed to the instrument, determines the necessary exposure. Owing to the power of "accommodation" of the eye to different light intensities, these meters must be used with considerable discretion.

4. Photo-electric Meter:
These accurately measure the light reflected from the subject, are fast in use and are not subject to personal variations in the operator.

Although it would therefore seem that they are the ideal form of exposure meter, there are many pitfalls in their use. In order to increase the sensitivity of meters in this class, the angle of acceptance of the cheaper models is often much greater than that of the average camera.

All light meters measure the average brightness of the subject, but it is not always the average brightness that is most important. More often, it is the shadow brightness that controls exposure. To overcome this anomaly, Mr. Thomson suggested the following system:

For distant landscapes, take the meter reading on the sky, then give three times the indicated exposure. For portraits, take a close-up reading on the face and give four times the exposure so indicated. For all average subjects, other than the above, take the reading on the shadows and then give one-eighth of the indicated exposure.

This method of meter reading is not applicable to reversal films, that is, to most color and amateur cine films. In this case, exposure is controlled by the highlight intensity and the only meter designed to read exposures by the highlight method is the AvoSmethurst Highlight Meter.

At the conclusion of his lecture, Mr. Thomson answered questions asked by members of the audience.

1st July 1947 Page 399 - Volume 54 No. 7 - Australasian photo-review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The judging of a novel and interesting competition, a "Photographic Assignment", was held on 15th May, the judge being Mr. Henri Mallard.

At a previous meeting each member had been given an assignment, such as the picture editor of a magazine might be expected to give to his staff. Some of the subjects allotted were: A train leaving Central Station, a bathing beauty, a fashion shot, a telephone booth, a crowd, etc.

Members were barred from entering any prints they had made previously, all pictures having to be especially made for the contest. Photographers, who were used to preparing exhibition pictures at leisure, found that it was not nearly so easy to obtain a picture of a particular subject at short notice.

The winning prints all showed a novel approach to their subject matter. First prize was awarded to John Davis, who was assigned to obtain a fashion shot. He very wisely avoided the difficult conventional fashion photograph which would require studio equipment and models. Instead, he took his winning picture of a fashion display in the window of a city store. Second and third prizes went to Eric Hart and W.H. Mayson, whose assignments were "Self Portrait" and "Telephone Booth", respectively. Both of these competitors had a humorous approach in their pictures. The former submitted a rear view as his "Self Portrait", whi1st the latter's "Telephone Booth" included a figure in an amusing pose. This type of contest is to be recommended to any club seeking an interesting variation from the regular club routine.

1st August 1947 Page 464 - Vol. 54 No. 8 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On June 12th, Harold Bell lectured on print glazing and mounting. He stated that ninety per cent. of glazing troubles can be traced to insufficient hardening of the print, and recommended use of an acid hardener in the print fixing bath.

A suitable acid hardener formula is:
Sodium sulphite 1 oz. - 60% acetic acid 1 1/2 ozs. - Alum 1 oz. - Water 8 ozs.

If further hardening is required, the prints should be immersed in the following solution immediately before glazing.
Formalin 1/2 oz. - Methylated Spirits 6 ozs. - Water 6 ozs.

This glazing solution may be used repeatedly.

The best plates for glazing are chromium plates and although rather expensive, they are a good investment for workers who have a big calling for glossy prints. Next best are ferrotype plates, but at present these are difficult to obtain. Glass is frequently used as a substitute and if the prints have a tendency to stick, drying the prints between washing and glazing is advised. Cleanliness in working is essential. If the plate or glass becomes greasy, it should be cleaned with soap and water.

Mr. Bell showed how to mount a print with rubber solution. After determining where the print was to be placed, he put a small dot at each corner; the print was removed and a line drawn 1/16 inch, inside these dots as a guide to the placement of the rubber solution.

Rubber solution was applied to the edge of both print and mount and allowed to dry before being brought into contact. Even on large prints, 1/4 inch, of solution around the edge was sufficient. When the solution had dried, the print was "sighted" on the dots on the mount and pressed into contact with it. Any excess rubber solution showing was rubbed off. No buckling occurred, even with the thinnest mounts.

During the King's Birthday week-end, 30 members participated in a three day outing to the coastal town of Terrigal.

Lecturing on 26th June, Mr. K.D. Hastings said that photography should stand on its own merits instead of attempting to imitate other forms of art. Mr. Hastings presented his one-man show of twenty five exhibition prints.

1st September 1947 Page 528 - Vol. 54 No. 9 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
"In color photography, composition should not be neglected", said Mr. Clarence B. Young ARPS, APSA, during his lecture on July 24th. Both space and color have to be balanced and it is important that brilliant colors should occupy only small areas. Mr. Young projected a fine collection of 35mm Kodachrome slides.

In a lecture on August 8th entitled "Photographic Fallacies", Mr. Ron Cunningham showed that many popular photographic beliefs are really erroneous. Some topics he discussed were:

Exposure Meters - These do not, as is commonly believed, give infallibly accurate readings and they should be used with considerable discretion.

Shutters - Many photographers place unwarranted faith in the marked shutter speeds of their cameras. Although these are generally accurate when the camera is made, the speeds may generally become inaccurate, especially on low-priced cameras.

PhotoFlood Lamps - It is generally assumed that these lamps have a constant light output. Actually, the intensity of the lamp gradually lessens from the time it is put in use until the filament finally breaks.

1st October 1947 Page 542 - Vol. 54 No. 10 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 21st August, Mr. A.R. Eade demonstrated an improved method of sepia toning by the sulphide method. He pointed out that, if a print was completely bleached and then re-developed in the sulphide bath, the resulting tone was too warm and gingerish for most subjects. By only slightly bleaching the print and then re-developing as usual, a beautiful dark brown tone was obtained. In order that the print would bleach evenly, it was necessary to first soak it in water for 15-30 minutes.

The President, Mr. W. Mayson, on 4th September, gave a talk on simple portrait lighting. He emphasized the fact that lighting technique had to be mastered before one could hope to be successful with portraiture. He said that there were only two main types of lighting, frontal and 45 degree.

He concluded by stressing the fact that, before attempting to use an array of lamps, reflectors and spotlights, the beginner should be fully familiar with the use of only two lamps.

At 8pm on 31st October, the Club will hold an exhibition of pictorial photography at the Sydney YMCA This show, which will be the fourth annual exhibition of the Club's work, will include the prize winners from the Circle's monthly contests and the portfolio of prints which was reproduced in a recent issue of the A.P.-R. The function will conclude with the showing of a series of color slides.

1st November 1947 Page 597 - Vol. 54 No. 11 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On Thursday 25th September, the club enjoyed a very pleasant exhibition of prints from the 1946 New Zealand Inter-Club Competition, which were kindly lent by Messrs. Kodak Ltd. Later, a visit was paid to the studios of Noel Rubie, where the members of the club were given many helpful hints on lighting for portraiture, etc.

On Tuesday 2nd October, the judging of the club's monthly competition, "Against the Light", took place. Members were asked to give their opinions of the various prints prior to the actual judging and some very candid criticisms were expressed. Mr. Gow, our judge, then spoke out with his "words of wisdom" and "Restless Waters" by Mr. H.S. Bell, was adjudged the winner.

The Circle's Annual Exhibition of prints was presented at the YMCA on 30th October.

1st December 1947 Page 655 - Vol. 54 No. 12 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
In the presence of a large number of members and prominent visitors the Circle, on October 30th, presented its Fourth Annual Exhibition of Prints.

Forty-seven prints were displayed and the Judge, Mr. A.W. Gale ARPS, commented on the vast improvement in the quality of the work submitted to that of previous years. Mr. Gale then made the following selection.

Fourth Annual Exhibition of Members Prints:
FIRST H.S. Grenenger	SECOND W.J.H. Mayson	THIRD V.S. Springett	BEST LANDSCAPE: SPECIAL AWARD of £2/2/- R.R. Cunningham

Mr. H. Black (YMCA) presented the awards. The first prize on this occasion, something unique in photographic awards, took the form of a bronze statuette of a photographer holding a camera at eye level, the statuette is known as "Pho'tos". This will be an annual award made for the best print of the year and will, no doubt, be keenly contested.

After supper, members and visitors were treated to a screening of a very fine collection of color transparencies taken and projected by Mr. A.R. Eade and Mr. W. Dye.

"THE PROPOSAL"
by H.S. Greneger
"Picture of the Year" for 1947

1st January 1948 Page 4 - Vol. 55 No. 1 Australasian Photo-Review

"PHO'TOS" or "THE THRILL OF THE CHASE" by H.S. Grenenger
Many are the thrills awaiting the individual who has once started in the endless pursuit of photographic success; never will he forgot the satisfaction and pride that come as he masters each of the problems that beset him in that cavalcade of difficulties.

Yet, what is really the lure that induces the amateur to struggle ever onwards, adopting, as it were, "Excelsior" for his pennant and little regretting the reckless expenditure of pocket money in the purchase of the various components which are yet another phase of his progress?

What is that almost mysterious driving force that urges him to grapple with the complexities of panchromatism, optics, enlarging, control, chemistry of developers, print finishing, presentation and dozens of other branches of the allied sciences involved in the study of photography, to say nothing of the many tangents which he is often impelled to follow, sometimes at the expense of domestic tranquility?

When I can spare a moment for a little retrospective appreciation of my own, still very limited, progress in this photographic craft, I must admit that I can again experience the thrill of watching the never to be forgotten first appearance of a negative image, can still feel in my nostrils the fumes of my original evil-smelling kerosene ruby light. Similarly, I recall the triumphant construction of my first enlarger, based on a confectionery tin for a lamp house, with some shop window fittings for a focusing device. Soon a growing degree of experience in the direction of pictorialising my pictures by the various control methods provided me with food for contemplation.

Then came the time when a letter arrived from the A.P.-R., informing me that I had secured third prize in a monthly competition; at this news my head swelled to abnormal dimensions.

Finally, when on the occasion of the YMCA Camera Circle's 1947 Annual Exhibition, I was able to clutch lovingly the small bronze statuette which signified that I had produced the club's outstanding print of the year, I knew the answer to all those questions I had been asking myself. All endeavors have as their fulfillment the thrill of achievement and progress in photography. At last the worker feels that he has produced a "something" that has earned the approbation of his fellows.

I was all the more gratified because of the physical nature of the award. You see, it has been the dream of our club committee for some three years to provide an award that would be more than just the customary cash order or certificate or even the conventional "cup" which enjoys pride of place in the home for a brief period, yet is eventually relegated to obscurity.

The now well-known "Oscar" statuette, given for special Hollywood motion picture achievements, formed the basis of a plan which resulted, by the ready co-operation of Miss Yvonne Webb, Sydney sculptor and of other enthusiasts, in making available a bronze statuette symbolic of the photographer in action.

This statuette, "Pho'tos", is now to be the Circle's standard annual award. It will, we feel, play its part in encouraging would be photographers along the road to pictorial success. It has certainly given me the hope of some day rising to the ranks of the leading amateurs.

"PHO'TOS"

b
1st January 1948 Page 4 - Vol. 55 No. 1 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Mr. Keast Burke ARPS, was our lecturer on November 27th. He spoke on "How Modern is Modernism?", referring to the fact that many present day trends as regards choice of subject matter and methods of approach were regarded as entirely new developments. Actually this was not the case, a contention which the lecturer proceeded to uphold by the undeniable evidence of a series of fine lantern slides, that many of the aforesaid trends were by no means new, but were, on the contrary, actually practised by leading artists over the last and the preceding centuries. He then went on to ask "How Modern is Quality?" To give point to this enquiry he displayed a series of original carbon prints featuring the Antarctic photography of H.G. Ponting. All present were amazed by the high pictorial and technical standard of this work, which was completed over thirty-five years ago; it was admitted to be the equal or the superior of anything seen to-day.

It was pleasing to see reproductions of this work made available for general circulation by means of the admirable special article in the December 1947, issue of the A.P.-R. Later the chairman announced that, by way of recognition of the improved standard of the work now being submitted, the winning entrant in the Circle's monthly contests would receive an award of a half-guinea order for photographic materials.

Reference was made to the display of the Circle's 1947 work in the Kodak windows at 379 George Street.

1st March 1948 Page 118 - Vol. 55 No. 3 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On February 5th, Mr. Henri Mallard demonstrated how he makes his high-quality enlargements. Firstly, he said, it should be realized that enlarging is a mechanical process and it is not very difficult to produce a first-class print from a good negative. However, no effort would produce a good print from a poor negative; the negative should not look pretty. If it did (eg. if it looked like a good lantern slide), it would be too contrasty for enlarging. To ensure best results, he recommended the use of fresh developer for each print. Provided the paper is wetted before development, three ounces of developer is ample for a 10 x 8 print and the cost of the developer is negligible compared with the price of the paper.

Mr. Mallard's demonstration was carried out with a new miniature enlarger which has just been added to the equipment of the Circle's darkroom. As the darkroom facilities already included a quarter-plate enlarger, users of all negative sizes will now have efficient enlarging apparatus at their disposal.

1st April 1948 Page 220 - Vol. 55 No. 4 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The Circle's new syllabus,just published, includes a "Set Negative" Competition. A number of identical copies of one negative will be prepared and distributed to each competitor. From this negative, which will not necessarily be of good pictorial or technical standard, the contestant will be required to produce the best exhibition print possible. By comparing his work with that of others, he will be able to see the standard and observe the shortcomings (if any) of his printing technique.

Although club competitions are usually for a set subject, they include a wide range of subject matter. A landscape contest, for instance, gives an enormous choice of material. For one of the contests on the club's new syllabus a more definite set subject has been selected; this subject, Sydney's Central Railway Station, will once again give the contestants a better opportunity to compare their interpretations of the same subject matter.

The popular club outings are again a feature of the syllabus. The "Sun" newspaper's color printing plant will be visited. A three-day field weekend in the Blue Mountains is to be held on the King's Birthday weekend in June.

1st May 1948 Page 284 - Vol. 55 No. 5 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 10th March, Mr. H. Grenenger projected a series of 35mm Kodachrome slides which he made during a recent visit to the Tumut district. These slides were shown with a new Pullin 35mm projector which is now available at the clubrooms for showing transparencies.

An exhibition of photographs of exceptional quality was presented on the same evening. These pictures, a selection from the A.P.-R. Prizewinning Salon, were all of first-class technical quality, the majority showing outstandingly good human interest and pictorial interpretation.

PULLIN 35MM SLIDE AND FILMSTRIP PROJECTOR

1st June 1948 Page 347 - Vol. 55 No. 6 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
"Pictorial Composition" was the subject of a lecture given by Mr. A.W. Gale ARPS, on the 27th April.

Mr. Gale described by illustrations the fundamental forms of composition which, he said, were everlasting irrespective of changing forms of presentation. To successfully make a picture, he said, these fundamentals must be remembered, not to be slavishly adhered to, but to be used as a basis for pictorial composition. He also showed by illustration how the shape of a picture was important and described the various means of emphasizing the principality.

1st August 1948 Page 486 - Vol. 55 No. 8 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On the evening of 24th June, Mr. S. WoodwardSmith entertained club members and visitors with a lecture on "Color Photography". He gave a very detailed history of the development of color film and a dissertation on its uses.

With the aid of a number of excellent transparencies he demonstrated the effects on color reproduction of over and underexposure and incorrect processing. Many of the transparencies shown involved differential focusing and exposure and the explanation of the processes proved very interesting to all concerned.

Mr. Woodward-Smith impressed upon members the need to establish a plan of action before commencing work and to set a goal towards which all endeavors in color should be directed. He also pointed out the need to develop a color sense, the sense of being satisfied with only true color reproduction.

On the 19th August, at 8pm, is the time set down for a lecture by A.W. Gale, ARPS on "Astronomical Photography". A warm welcome will be extended to all visitors attending this lecture.

1st September 1948 Page 498 - Vol. 55 No. 9 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
At the July meeting a “Stump the Experts” session was held. Four club members, Messrs. G. Gow, T. Holden, C. Smith and J. Kemp — comprised the panel of experts, which ably coped with all questions asked by fellow club members. One enthusiast, troubled with a blue stain on his processed film, was told that the deficiency of carbonate in the fine grain developer was the cause of the stain, which could be removed by a 10 per cent, solution of sodium carbonate and formalin (the formalin countering the softening effect of the carbonate).

Another interesting feature conducted at the August meeting, was the set negative competition. Both grades were well contested and it is hoped that further particulars and results will appear in these columns at a subsequent date.

1st October 1948 Page 564 - Vol. 55 No. 10 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
"Astronomical Photography" was the subject of a lecture given by Mr. A.W. Gale ARPS, to the members of the Camera Circle on the 19th August.

Members were keenly interested in his lecture on astronomical spectrology, which was supported by a display of a number of excellent photographs. He described in detail how the constituent elements of stars and planets were determined by the use of the spectrograph.

On September 2nd, an excellent showing of color transparencies of Tasmania was given by Mr. V.S. Springett and from the interest shown it is apparent that color photography is gaining quite a hold in amateur photographic circles. Subsequently, Mr. Keast Burke ARPS, judged the Set Negative contest and commented on the entries.

The following are activities for the next meeting nights of the Circle and visitors are welcome:
30th September, Photographic Caricatures, by H.O. Howarth;
14th October, Competition, "Against the Light";
28th October, Visit to "Sun" Rotogravure Plant.

1st November 1948
Page 685 - Vol. 55 No. 11 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Although the title of the demonstration on the 30th September last was "Photographic Caricatures", it might well have been termed "How to Lose Friends in One Minute", so grotesquely humorous were the results obtained from yet another avenue of photographic possibilities.

The lecturer, Mr. H.O. Howarth, using clear, precise language, very capably demonstrated the various procedures necessary to obtain the required amount and type of facial distortion desired and by the examples exhibited this process showed itself to be a branch of photography with limitless possibilities and endless amusement, but with mixed reactions from the model concerned. As the printing paper would be bent to various shapes under the enlarger, Mr. Howarth stressed the importance of stopping down the lens to give correct focus to the whole of the print. He also recommended a very slight steaming of the paper before bending so as not to damage the emulsion.

In conclusion, he gave interesting and helpful advice on how to compile a family snapshot album designed to give that extra amount of attraction and so eliminate the sometimes disheartening feature of friends ploughing laboriously through the pages endeavoring to reach the end as quickly as possible.

The previous meeting on the 16th September, proved to be of exceptional interest, when Mr. Ted Holden, professional photographer and an active club member gave a practical demonstration on Indoor Portraiture. This was followed by a "free for all", when those members armed with cameras started shooting away under the guidance of the demonstrator.

Also worthy of mention was the club weekend held recently at the "Yarramundi Camp" of the YMCA on the Grose River, where a large party of members had a very enjoyable weekend.

1st December 1948 Page 754 - Vol. 55 No. 12 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The Club lecture night of the 28th October last was handed over to Mr. Arthur Eade, his subject being "Color Photography". Mr. Eade competently outlined the various processes and proved himself able to cope with all of the many questions asked by the audience. He then gave a showing of 35mm slides which were exposed with Dufaycolor, Ansco and Kodachrome films.

With the recent installation of an additional enlarger in the darkroom for the use of all members, the increase in the number of entries in the monthly competitions has been very noticeable and is still on the increase. The Circle's darkroom now embodies all the latest equipment essential for the needs of the most fastidious of photographers and for this reason it should play a big part in the improvement of members technique. Incidentally, new members elected to the Club are allowed access to this equipment after a brief instructional period.

1st February 1949 Page 72 - Vol. 56 No. 2 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On the 25th November last, Mr. K. McClure delivered a lecture entitled "Creative Photography". This was supported by a magnificent collection of twenty prints, some of which have been exhibited in many salons throughout the world. He stressed the importance of departing from the ordinary in photography and urged members to search around for the unusual and impart originality and creative effort into their prospective pictures.

The last meeting for the year, held on the 9th December, was the occasion of the judging, by Mr. W. Clifford Noble, of the large and impressive number of prints submitted in the Portraiture Competition.

On the previous Sunday, the Club conducted an organized outing to Windsor and despite the hot weather, everyone had a most enjoyable day taking all manner of photographs in the surrounding district.

The first two meetings for 1949, held on the 6th and 20th January, were notable for fine displays of color slides. The first evening's selection, comprised of slides submitted by club members, revealed the good progress being made in this field. The showing at the latter meeting embodied the finest of slides from the collection of Mr. A.W. Gale ARPS, who also delivered a short talk on the subject.

1st March 1949 Page 186 - Vol. 56 No. 3 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The winners of the Annual Point-Score Competition have been announced and are as follows:

1948 CLASS A: ANNUAL POINT-SCORE COMPETITION:			1948 CLASS B: ANNUAL POINT-SCORE COMPETITION:
FIRST W. Wright	SECOND H. Grenenger	THIRD H.S. Bell	FIRST J. James	SECOND E. Atkinson	THIRD K. Jackson

The year's activities officially end on March 17th, when administrative reports are presented, awards made to the above outstanding club members and officers elected for the ensuing year. The last twelve months have shown a substantial and encouraging improvement in club membership and in the quantity and quality of prints submitted for the monthly competitions.

All the outstanding prints produced during the last year by club members are to form the basis of our important and long-awaited event - The Annual Exhibition - which will be held in the Concert Hall of the YMCA Building on Thursday night, 3rd March. All enthusiasts are warmly invited.

We are also privileged to be able to exhibit a selection of prints in the Kodak Salon Gallery from the 7th to the 15th March inclusive and a visit to this display will be well repaid. We are looking forward to starting our next year with much renewed effort, plus a steady stream of new members (particularly newcomers to photography).

1st April 1949 Page 253 - Vol. 56 No. 4 The Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
In the presence of some 200 photographers and their friends, the Circle held its Fifth Annual Exhibition in the Sydney YMCA Concert Hall on the 3rd of March.

The exhibition of over one hundred prints was judged by, Mr. W. Clifford Noble, who awarded first prize to "Winter's Mood", a dramatic landscape by Mr. W. Wright.

The bronze statuette "Pho'tos", the award given each year for the Club's best picture, was presented to Mr. Wright by the General Secretary of the YMCA, Mr. R. de V. Kidson.

Mr. R. de V. Kidson (General Secretary, YMCA) presents
"Pho'tos" to Mr. W. Wright, in recognition of his
"Print of the Year" award at the YMCA Camera Circle
5th ANNUAL EXHIBITION.

Two collections of color transparencies were shown at the exhibition. The first consisted of fifty slides made by club members, whi1st the second was a group of fifty slides from the Photographic Society of America.

The exhibition has since been on show in the Kodak Galleries at Sydney and Newcastle. A portfolio of pictures from the Exhibition is scheduled for reproduction in the A.P.-R. in June.

1st August 1949 Page 472 - Vol. 56 No. 8 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Why are almost all our prints now made on Bromide? There are other processes equally as good and there are those who think that the best bromide cannot compare with a print made by the carbon, oil, carbro or bromoil process.

One notable Australian worker who is still producing fine prints by the bromoil process is Mr. Henri Mallard who, on 7th July, gave the Circle a lucid demonstration of this process.

Carbon and oil can certainly be objected to because they can only be used for contact printing (or printing from enlarged negatives), but this does not apply to carbro or bromoil. Admittedly, a good deal more time and skill are required to produce prints by these processes than by straight bromide printing; but, as Mr. Mallard showed, the range of control and delicacy of tone given by bromoil are justified by the extra labor.

He showed how a bromide print was first made and then bleached. After this, he went over the print with a brush charged with printing ink which took easily in the shadows, but was repelled from the highlights. Any color of ink can be used and the process gives almost infinite scope for control.

1st October 1949 Page 610 - Vol. 56 No. 10 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Many of those people who thought that they knew "all there was to know" about developing, learnt a few valuable points from a demonstration and address given by Mr. W. Clifford Noble on Thursday 1st September; the most valuable point learned was that "near enough" is never "good enough". We found out by experimenting that dirty exhausted developer, failure to develop to the correct time and right temperature and the neglecting of intermittent agitation all have detrimental effects on the finished negative.

Trying once again, doing all the things we are told to do and which somehow we often brush aside as being "over fussy", we discovered what a world of difference it can make to the finished negatives. Probably all those who attended the lecture will, from now on, adopt the theory that there is no such thing as being "over careful" and is all very worthwhile towards obtaining a better print.

1st November 1949 Page 723 - Vol. 56 No. 11 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Another enjoyable club outing was held on 1st September, when the Circle visited Springwood, in the Blue Mountains. One-day trips of this nature are of great value, as at the regular clubroom meetings new members often feel a little ill at ease, but on a club outing all pretense of formality is forgotten. Beginners and advanced members alike find it a grand time to discuss films and filters, competitions and ideas for new pictures or better ways to run their club.

Favoring the idea of debates on some photographic subject this club last year debated the pros and cons of miniature v. larger cameras and recently, on September 15th, the verbal fighters battled over the relative importance of technique and subject matter.

Next time you are drawing up your club's syllabus don't forget to include at least one photographic debate. The subjects waiting to be discussed are legion. Here are a few:
Should salon competitors be charged entrance fees?
Should photographers spend time and money entering salons?
Is the present-day interest in color photography tending to make us button-pushers who know little of composition or true photographic quality?
Has photography reached the standing of art?

This article seems to have strayed rather widely from the bounds of a club report, but if it helps others to improve their camera clubs, it will have served a useful purpose.

YMCA Camera Circle outing to Springwood NSW c.1949

1st January 1950 Page 7 - Vol. 57 No. 1 The Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On the week-end of 19th to 20th November, the club had a most enjoyable outing to the YMCA camp at Yarramundi. This delightful hostel is situated on the Grose River, at the foot of the Blue Mountains, some forty-five miles from Sydney. For the keen photographer the district abounds in pictorial opportunities. Within a mile are the rocky foothills of the Blue Mountains and around the camp itself, the prosperous farmlands are the landscape photographer’s delight. Many club competition and A.P.-R. prizewinning pictures have been created from negatives made in club visits to Yarramundi.

February 1950 Australasian Photo-Review - Page 70

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE

CONCENTRATION!
“Getting the Best Camera Angle”
Near to the YMCA camp at Yarramundi (N.S.W.) are many farms
which provide excellent photographic material. These
YMCA Camera Circle photographers are certainly
concentrating on obtaining an unusual animal study.

1st March 1950 Page 132 - Vol. 57 No. 3 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The Sixth Annual Exhibition of the Sydney YMCA Camera Circle will be held in the YMCA Concert Hall, 325 Pitt Street, Sydney, on Friday 17th March, at 8pm.

The exhibition will include approximately one hundred prints, representing the best of the year’s work by the club members. As in previous years, the prize for the print of the year will be a “Pho’tos”. This unique award is a bronze statuette of a photographer, camera to eye.

Color photography will be featured during the evening. Some fifty color slides by members have been selected so as to show the versatility of present day color materials.

A.P.-R. readers are welcome to attend the show. For the convenience of those unable to attend the exhibition, it is hoped at a later date to exhibit the prints in the Kodak Galleries at Sydney and Newcastle, and also that a representative portfolio will be reproduced in the A.P.-R.

1st May 1950 Page 327 - Vol. 57 No. 5 The Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 17th March, well over 200 photographic enthusiasts packed the Sixth Annual Exhibition of the Sydney YMCA Camera Circle.

The occasion brought together many members and representatives of Sydney’s photographic associations and commercial houses.

The exhibition of some seventy prints was judged by Messrs. A.W. Gale ARPS, Henri Mallard and Mr. W. Clifford Noble, who awarded first prize to Mr. C. Jackson for his landscape, “Brewing Rage”. For this he received the coveted “Pho’tos” award. This award, the only one of its kind in Australia, is a bronze statuette depicting a photographer in action.

The many awards at the exhibition were presented by Mr. Keast Burke, editor of the A.P.-R.

A further feature of the evening was a showing of the best color slides made by members during the last year.

For the event, the YMCA Camera Circle produced an attractive souvenir program which included reproductions of the winners of previous years exhibitions.

The prints from the exhibition have since been on display at the Kodak Galleries in Sydney. A portfolio from the show is reproduced in the current issue the A.P.-R.

1st June 1950 Page 346 - Vol. 57 No. 6 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The Circle had an especially interesting meeting on the 27th April. The Sunraysia Camera Club, Mildura, air-freighted a representative collection of the Club’s best photographs for exhibition and comment by the Camera Circle.

The action of the Sunraysia Club was generous and novel and we hope to have further exchanges on a similar basis. Members of the Camera Circle were invited to comment one by one on each of the prints submitted. Their remarks were supervised by Mr. W. Clifford Noble.

Earlier in the evening, Mr. Noble gave a demonstration of “Photographic Make-Up”. Both his demonstration and his further constructive comments on the Sunraysia prints were masterly.

Our Circle congratulates the Sunraysia Club on its original and generous action, bringing pleasure to our members.

At the record attendance meeting on the 11th May, members color transparencies were viewed and judged. The 56 members and guests present greatly enjoyed the comments and judging of Mr. Arthur Eade, whose judgment and technical advice gave the many color enthusiasts in our Club further valuable knowledge in this interesting field.

Coming meetings are at the YMCA
8th June: Competition — “Landscape or Tree Study". Debate — Camera Circle v. Camera Club of Sydney.
22nd June: Lecture — “Commonsense Composition" by J. Mitchell.

The Annual Dance will be held at the YMCA Concert Hall on Saturday 17th June. Visitors are welcome to all functions.

1st August 1950
Page 523 - Vol. 57 No. 8 The Australasian Photographic Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Members of the Circle spent the King’s Birthday Holiday week-end (9th to 12th June) at Mount Batten Guest House, Douglas Park.

Situated 40 miles from Sydney on the main Southern railway line, this district proved to be virtually a photographer’s paradise. Many successful picture seeking trips were made to nearby farms and hills, and along the banks of the Nepean River.

Before a glorious log fire, the evenings were spent on discussions of things photographic. Members shared experiences and helped solve one another's difficulties. Even plans were laid for future Club activities.

To those who have sampled its many joys, photography does indeed seem to be the king of hobbies and those who participate in outings of this type agree that they are one of the most pleasant aspects of the art. On returning to the city, the fun is not over. There is the darkroom work which re-creates the event in pictures.

The Club’s monthly print competitions are now showing the results of the week-end and soon there will be a color evening.

1st May 1951 Page 315 - Vol. 58 No. 5 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The YMCA Camera Circle commenced its eighth year as a photographic club on the 29th March.

The President for 1951-52 is Mr. G.S. Gow, who has given sterling service to the club in numerous official capacities during the past seven years. Mr. Gow introduced the following management committee to the club members:

Vice-Presidents, V.L. Springett, W.J. Mayson, H.S. Grenenger; Hon.Secretary, E.J. Graham; Hon. Treasurer, A.J. Kemp; Publicity, V.L. Springett; Prints, E. Slater; Darkroom, E. Holden; Equipment, H.S. Grenenger; Social, W.J. Ronalas, E. Hart; Outings, Laurie Friend, W. Mayson; Auditor, E. Atkinson.

The competition for the evening was “Industrial”, with well-known photographer, Mr. Robert John stone, as the judge. He also gave an informal and interesting talk on commercial photography. Mr. Johnstone said that commercial photography is far from easy, having many traps for the unwary. To those members interested in capitalizing on some of their photographic work, he gave sound advice on the type of work required by most purchasers and that required for good reproduction. He made the following awards;

CLASS A: Industrial:			CLASS B: Industrial:
FIRST Laurie Friend	SECOND H. Grenenger	THIRD V.L. Springett	FIRST R. Kelly	SECOND R. Webb	THIRD R. Kelly

On 12th April, the club was fortunate to have available a selection of fifty prints from the Royal Photographic Society, England. The amazing quality of the work shown to the members gave them something to strive for in their own work and aroused considerable interest and discussion from which a great deal was learnt by all present.

The YMCA Camera Circle will be glad to give a hearty welcome to any visitor to its meetings, which take place each alternate Thursday at 8pm, Room K, YMCA, Pitt Street, Sydney.

1st June 1951 Page 380 - Vol. 58 No. 6 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The monthly competition “Speed or Action” was held on the 26th April with the following results:

CLASS A: Speed or Action:

FIRST
B. Staveley

SECOND
V.L. Springett

THIRD
B. Staveley

CLASS B: Speed or Action:

FIRST
R. Webb

At the same meeting, club member Mr. E. Slater gave a demonstrated lecture on “Photo-Micrography”. The lecture was illustrated with slides which gave the club members an insight into modern equipment and the type of work that can be produced. However, Mr. Slater's main aim was to show members that apart from a microscope, expensive equipment was not needed and that a camera was not even necessary. He demonstrated this point by taking a blood sample from one of the members and making a slide; then, using an ordinary pearl lamp as a light source, a flask of water to diffuse the light, a microscope and a light-tight cardboard box, he exposed a sensitized plate which he immediately developed and placed in the projector. The result was instant proof how simply photo-micrography can be done.

On 10th May, another club member, Mr. Laurie Friend, screened his collection of hand-colored slides on the National Park. Considerable interest was shown in the materials and methods used in the hand-coloring of slides for projection.

On 7th June, the Camera Circle is to have a lecture on “Filters — Their Use and Misuse” and on 24th June, the monthly competition is to be a “Child Study”.

Come along to Room “K”, YMCA, Pitt Street. You will indeed be made welcome.

1st July 1951 Page 451 - Vol. 58 No. 7 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
More photographic history was written during the last week-end in June when the YMCA Camera Circle (Sydney) extended the hospitality of the Association’s well-equipped holiday hostel at Yarramundi to members of other N.S.W. camera clubs. Last minute news indicated that the program was being received with considerable enthusiasm, acceptances including a party of five from the Newcastle Photographic Society. We can anticipate that the idea will eventually grow to an important regular event for the fraternity.

1st September 1951 Page 528 - Vol. 58 No. 9 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On May 24th the monthly competition “Landscape” was judged by Mr. C. Noble, with the following awards being made:

CLASS A: Landscape:			CLASS B: Landscape:
FIRST V.L. Springett	SECOND E. Salter	THIRD H. Grenenger	FIRST K. Douglas	SECOND K. Douglas	THIRD R. Kelly

There was an excellent showing of prints and Mr. Noble said the club was to be commended on the general all-round quality of the work. He paid particular attention to the “B” GRADE members prints, giving many helpful suggestions and advice on how to improve the standards in technique and presentation.

On 7th June, the YMCA Camera Circle was fortunate to have Mr. J. Hogarth, from Kodak Ltd., to give an illustrated lantern lecture on filters and their uses. The fundamental color sensitive differences between the modern photographic emulsions and the human eye were shown by the use of the spectrum and graphs. The use of relative color filters to correct the color sensitive properties of photographic materials, so that the finished print in brightness and tone is relatively nearer that as actually seen by the eye, was clearly shown by several excellent examples. The merits of filters for producing contrast, particularly in copying and reproduction were also discussed.

The monthly competition “Child Study” was judged by Mr. J. Galbraith, who made the following awards:

CLASS A: Child Study:			CLASS B: Child Study:
FIRST C. Jackson	SECOND C. Jackson	THIRD Laurie Friend	FIRST K. Douglas	SECOND K. Douglas	THIRD E. Graham

Mr. Galbraith particularly stressed some of the finer points in print presentation, stating that a print can win the first award, all other points being equal, by the fact that it had been presented better than another print which has equal pictorial and technical qualities.

At the same meeting, club member Mr. E. Salter again showed his versatility in photography, as well as in the exploration of limestone caves, by screening a collection of 35mm Kodachrome slides taken in caves both in New South Wales and Tasmania. Many of the slides were made under very difficult conditions, by flashlight during many hours of hard crawling and climbing hundreds of feet below ground level. The amazing beauty and wonderful formations revealed in Mr. Slater’s slides have to be seen to be believed.

On 5th July, a very good friend of the YMCA Camera Circle, Mr. Henri Mallard, gave the members a demonstration on “Dye and Pencil Print Finishing”. His lecture and demonstration were expertly given in an entertaining manner, and in such a way as to inspire those present to endeavor to attempt similar after work on their own prints.

Mr. Mallard showed how relatively easy it was to remove blemishes, unsightly highlights, etc., that could easily mar an otherwise perfect print.

The monthly competition “Men at Work” was judged on 19th July, by co-judges Mr. W. Mayson and Mr. V. L. Springett, the following awards being made:

CLASS A: Men at Work:
FIRST E. Slater	SECOND E. Slater	THIRD H. Grenenger

The club outing on Sunday 29th July, to Parramatta Park was thoroughly enjoyed by all present, thanks to almost perfect weather.

One of the most interesting and unusual lectures received at a YMCA Camera Circle meeting, was given by Mr. A.W. Gale ARPS, on 2nd August.

Mr. Gale’s lecture on “Astronomy and Photography” was illustrated by projected slides. Members were amazed how the universe was unfolded to them by Mr. Gale’s ably-given lecture and were surprised at just how great a part photography plays in the investigation and observation of the constellations.

1st November 1951 Page 705 - Vol. 58 No. 11 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The YMCA Camera Circle at its last meeting presented a splendid array of river and marine photographs for the judge, Mr. Ken Hastings, to offer his very valued opinion on each of the pictures displayed — a point which, some consider, more valuable for the training of the members than the final placing of the prints.

A GRADE: first place went to H. Grenenger for a very simple study of swirling flood waters. Second place went to C. Jackson for a striking sunset over the sea, most aptly titled “Eternal Performance”. Third place went to V.L. Springett for an excellent shot of two seamen at the helm.

B GRADE: first place went to R. Kelly for a misty waterfront study. Second and third places went to Messrs. R. Kelly and V.C. Hibbard respectively for shots of rolling breakers with spray.

Mr. Hastings commented that the work generally was of such uniform standard that great care had to be exercised in awarding the points that eventually separated the award winners.

After the judging of the prints, Vice-President H. Grenenger conducted a very novel and entertaining photographic quiz, which not only tested the photographic knowledge of the members but held the interest of the whole of those present. The highlight of this session was the presentation of the dozens of prizes, which were not distributed until the end of the quiz. All carefully wrapped so that no knowledge of their contents was disclosed, they were earlier described to include a projector, cameras, flash guns and photographic equipment of many types. There was much amusement when the unwrapping revealed all such equipment was either defective, incomplete or outmoded. Other clubs might note the value of evenings of this type.

1st March 1952 Page 134 - Vol. 59 No. 3 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
During the summer period members have enjoyed a number of outings and social functions designed to make the most of the warmer weather. On 9th December, a field day was held at North Curl Curl, a coastal resort a few miles north of Sydney. The large attendance of members was soon engaged in land and sea scape work on the beach and neighboring lagoon.

As usual, the outing provided an excellent opportunity for members to interchange ideas and to demonstrate newly acquired equipment and the latest products of their home workshops. One member, for instance, was showing his new 35mm stereo camera and some color transparencies which had been made with it. All who viewed them were really astonished at the amazing realism which only color stereo can give. Another club member was expounding the virtues of a new gadget he had built to hold two 24 x 36mm cameras at once. This device is claimed by its owner to minimize the risk of vibration, which is often a bugbear to the miniature user and to enable both color and monochrome cameras to be mounted at the same time on a tripod. The proud owner of this device, who said it was the most useful gadget he had ever come across (and he has had plenty), disclosed that he was writing an article about it for the A.P.-R.

Further outings during January and February have included a night outing to photograph the city lights and a day “shooting” the animals in Sydney’s famous zoo.

1st May 1952 Page 262 - Vol. 59 No. 5 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The YMCA Camera Circle cordially invites everyone interested in photography to attend its 9th Annual Exhibition.

This exhibition will be open from 9am to 6pm, on Friday, 23rd May and Saturday, 24th May, in the Main Hall, YMCA, Pitt Street.

The Official Opening, Judging, Presentation of Awards and Screening of Members Color Transparencies will commence at 8pm on Friday.

If you are a photographic club member, keep this week-end free, 7th to 9th June. It is the 2nd Inter-Photographic Club Camp at Yarramundi Camp on the bank of the Grose River. This camp has everything, the comforts of home plus the pleasures and beauty of outdoor life.

1st July 1952 Page 441 - Vol. 59 No. 7 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Friday 23rd May, marked the advent of the 8th Annual Exhibition of the YMCA Camera Circle. The official opening ceremony was ably performed by Mr. J.E. Hallstrom before an appreciative audience of 400 enthusiasts.

One hundred and ten monochromes by the club’s members were displayed around the walls of the large YMCA Concert Hall and were notably featured by the festoon system of print lighting employed, an idea which proved a decided success.

The panel, consisting of Messrs. Henri Mallard, Cliff Noble and A. W. Gale ARPS, judged and commented upon the entries in a very interesting manner and awarded the coveted 'Photos' to R. Pickering for a delightful child study. All awards were presented by Mr. J.E. Hallstrom. The display was divided into three groups, with results awarded as follows:

8th ANNUAL EXHIBITION:
PICTORIAL:			RECORD SECTION:			PORTRAIT AND HUMAN INTEREST:
FIRST K. Douglas	SECOND V. Hibbard	THIRD K. Douglas	FIRST E. Atkinson	SECOND E. Atkinson	THIRD K. Aston	FIRST R. Pickering	SECOND R. Pickering	THIRD C. Jackson
G.S. GOW ANNUAL AWARD CLUB’S BEST PHOTOGRAPHER A GRADE POINT-SCORE: H.G. GRENENGER - -		E.C. GREENING AWARD B GRADE R. KELLY - - -	C. JACKSON ANNUAL AWARD FOR MOST IMPROVED PHOTOGRAPHER V. HIBBARD - - -		P.I.A. AWARD FOR BEST ALL-ROUND PHOTOGRAPHER K. DOUGLAS - - -		ANNUAL COLOR COMPETITION JUDGED BY MR. S. WOODWARD-SMITH AWARDED THE J.W. TIDMARSH ANNUAL AWARD G. HERMAN SLADE for his thrilling “STORM LIGHT”

Mr. Woodward-Smith gave a detailed commentary in his own inimitable manner which, as well as being particularly instructive, was, by virtue of Mr. Woodward-Smith’s humor, considered to be the major entertainment of the evening. This remarkable commentary was faithfully recorded on a tape and accompanied the numerous color showings at the Saturday sessions. The innovation proved particularly successful, as was evidenced by the praise of the many visitors privileged to witness this novelty.

Probably the brightest night of our year was the brilliant travelogue delivered to an enthusiastic audience of 360 members and friends on Thursday June 5 by our Mr. G. Herman Slade, who recently arrived home after visiting more than fifteen countries. He interspersed his sparkling commentary with many humorous anecdotes of his travels and showed that the highest quality Kodachrome's could be produced in the dull, sunless European light. This was evidenced by the projection from our 1,000-watt projector on our new 12ft. titanium oxide plaster screen.

Both the above functions were attended by many representatives from most N.S.W. Photographic Societies.

S. Woodward-Smith and other visitors inspecting the House Exhibition.

Associate Judge W. Clifford Noble gives his reasons.

September 1952 Page 577 - Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
ART FOR PHOTOGRAPHERS
Of all the varied aspects of photography, those pertaining to art are usually found the most difficult to comprehend by students of the subject. In an attempt to meet the demand for authoritative instruction in these matters the Sydney YMCA Camera Circle has arranged for Professor Bissietta of the A.D.R. Art School, Sydney to give a series of ten lectures and demonstrations entitled Art for Photographers. The lessons will comprise ten different subjects:

1. Rhythm;

2. Composition;

3. Perspective;

4. Foreshortening;

5. Chiaroscuro;

6. Lighting;

7. Landscape;

8. Figure;

9. Still Life;

10. Portrait;

Both theory and practice (projector) will be dealt with and demonstrations given on the black board. The lectures will be of an hour and a half duration. For a course of ten lessons the fee will be one guinea. A limited number of enrollments is available to the public. Further information may be obtained by writing to the Hon.Secretary, YMCA Camera Circle, 325 Pitt Street, Sydney, or by telephoning the President, Mr. G. Gow.

Lectures are to be held at the YMCA and the A.D.R. Art School on Tuesday evenings, commencing on September 9th.

1st October 1952 Page 590 - Vol. 59 No. 10 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Newcomers to photography recently experienced a novel and entertaining week-end. The occasion was an "Invitation To Instruction", held by the Y.M.C.A. Camera Circle from 5th to 7th September. The location was the Y.M.C.A.’s well known resort Yarramundi on the Grose River at the foot of the Blue Mountains some 45 miles from Sydney.

Here, in some of Australia’s most photogenic country, the forty-five people who attended were given sound instruction in basic picture-making technique. One of the features of the week-end was a lecture on the Saturday evening by Mr. B. Townsend of the Kodak Lecture Service Division. Mr. Townsend described the evolution of the modern camera and explained the cause and prevention of the common faults which plague photographic beginners. The evening concluded with a showing of the film “Highlights and Shadows”. This film showed the manufacture of photographic films and papers at the huge Kodak Park works in Rochester where no less than 32,000 workers are engaged in the most painstaking of manufacturing operations.

1st November 1952 Page 656 - Vol. 59 No. 11 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On September 25th, the Circle held an Open Competition which was judged by our good friend Mr. Cliff Noble. About 50 prints were hung for both A Grade and B Grade, the winners being:

A GRADE: Open:					B GRADE: Open:
FIRST B. Staveley	SECOND Laurie Friend	THIRD M. Ferguson	HIGHLY COMMENDED: E. Atkinson	HIGHLY COMMENDED: E. Slater	FIRST I. Jones	SECOND Miss H. Sinclair	THIRD G. Yeoman

After judging there was a showing of color slides by members.

On the Six-Hour Day week-end a party of eleven members spent the week-end at Douglas Park, though the weather did not permit very much outdoor photography. A varied program for indoors was arranged with games and flash photography. On the whole an enjoyable time was had by all.

An excellent lecture on the Colourform Process was given by Mr. K. McDiarmid on October 10th, so it is hoped that in the future we will be receiving some color prints by members. A very interesting lecture entitled "An Artist in Europe with Ektachrome" is to be delivered by Mr. G.R. Emanuel on November 6th, in the Concert Hall of the YMCA at 8pm. A small charge of 2/- will be made for admission.

1st November 1952 Page 706 - Vol. 59 No. 11 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The subject of Composition was dealt with by Professor Bissietta at a recent talk in the series of art lectures, which is being given to Sydney photographers under the auspices of the YMCA Camera Circle.

The lecturer mentioned two general aspects of composition, that of lines and that of tones (color being held for a future occasion). The composition of lines could often be planned beforehand by means of preliminary sketches, the task being simplified by enclosing the principal objects in geometrical figures and using these figures as the elements for arrangement. All objects which were in a state of balance, he said, could be enclosed in geometrical figures. With regard to composition of tones, to preserve a sense of balance it was desirable to have a predominance of dark tones in the base with lighter tones in the top sections of the picture or for landscapes a dark foreground with receding tones in the distance. These principles were however, flexible.

Referring more specifically to composition with a figure, Professor Bissietta remarked that a standing figure was more difficult to compose than one reclining, partly because of its essential straightness and partly because the model was less at ease when standing. The balance and rhythm of the old Grecian and Roman statues could well be studied to aid in the arrangement of the human figure.

In landscapes, where comparatively long distances are introduced, we must pay special attention to tonal balance, as a tone out of keeping with the distance of an object may give a sense of bad proportions or a distortion of distances. Of course, in photography nature itself largely takes care of such matters.

During the evening several of the audience were asked to compose a group in still-life. The lecturer’s comments on these helped to clarify some of the points he had made. These occasions also enabled a number of the students to use their cameras to advantage.

YMCA Art Course: Professor Bissietta discusses a still-life group
which has been arranged by a member of the Photographic Art CLASS
at the A.D.R. Art School in Sydney.

1st March 1953 Page 134 - Vol. 60 No. 3 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The many photographers who were seen at work in the streets of Sydney on the evening of January 15, were taking part in the YMCA Camera Circle annual "Nightlight Treasure Hunt". Earlier in the evening some light falls of rain had wet the road surfaces and provided those delightful reflections that make so much difference to this type of photography. Activities of this kind are well worth putting on any club syllabus. During January it is often unpleasantly hot in the club room and an 'outdoor night' makes a pleasant break from the indoor meetings. It provides a good opportunity for newcomers to this branch of picture-making to pick up hints from the old hands. This is one time when the exposure meter generally falls down and a few minutes personal advice may save many a spoiled roll of film.

1st April 1953 Page 249 - Vol. 60 No. 4 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
“Stereoscopic Photography” was the subject of a lecture on February 12, by Mr. R.G. Robertson, B.A. Among the guests were many members of the Stereoscopic Society, of which Mr. Robertson is the Sydney representative. By use of blackboard sketches, color slides and descriptions, which were frequently amusing as well as apt, the lecturer explained the principles of stereoscopy and demonstrated methods of making three dimensional slides, not only with stereo cameras but with conventional single cameras and simple home-made apparatus. A description of viewing methods led to a demonstration of free-vision viewing during which a view of projected stereo images, without the use of spectacles or of a special screen, was given to that part of the audience which was seated sufficiently near to the axis of the projector lens.

The Circle will be holding its 9th Annual Photographic Exhibition in the Concert Hall of the YMCA, Pitt Street, Sydney, during May. Times for the Exhibition are: Friday 22nd, 12 noon to 6pm; Saturday 23rd, 9am to 6pm and Monday 25th, 12 noon to 11pm.

It has not yet been decided who will open the Exhibition. The Color Slide Section will be judged by Mr. Howard Ashton. The monochrome section judges have not been appointed as yet, but their names will be announced in the May issue of The A.P.-R.

On the evening of February 25, Mr. Christian, President of the Canberra Photographic Society came along to do the honors of judging the Annual Photographic Industries Trophy for Four Diverse Subjects which was won by Laurie Friend. The monthly competition Portraits was won by B. Staveley in "A" GRADE and R. Westerly in "B" GRADE. All members would like to thank Mr. Christian for an excellent job.

C.S. Christian (Canberra) judges a recent YMCA Camera Circle monthly contest.

1st July 1953 Page 394 - Vol. 60 No. 7 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The Ninth Annual Photographic Exhibition held on May 22, 23 and 25, was attended by approximately 600 people. There were 116 monochrome entries and these were judged by Messrs. Keast Burke, J.W. Metcalfe and C.S. Christian. Entries were on display in the Hall for inspection by the public.

On Friday 22nd May, the Exhibition was officially opened by Professor Bissietta. After being introduced by the President, Mr. G.S. Gow, the Professor spoke briefly on the relationship of Art and Photography before he declared the Exhibition open. Messrs. Keast Burke and C.S. Christian were asked to give a short commentary on the merits of the winning prints. Professor Bissietta then presented "Pho'tos" to Mr. E. Slater, whose entry "Good Earth" was judged Best Print of the Exhibition. Other Awards were:

A GRADE: G.S. Gow Trophy -			B GRADE: E.C. Greening Trophy -			C.J. Jackson Trophy "Early Colonial N.S.W. Historical Collection"	PEA Trophy “Portfolio of Four Diverse Subjects”	J.W. Tidmarsh Trophy BEST COLOR SLIDE
FIRST B. Staveley -	SECOND Laurie Friend -	THIRD R. Kelly -	FIRST J.E. Fawdry R. Kefford	SECOND E. Graham -	THIRD Miss H. Sinclair -	B. Staveley -	Laurie Friend -	Mr. H. Grenenger “Cooling Off” -

LAURIE FRIEND

In the Color Slide Section, 63 slides were entered and these were judged by Mr. Howard Ashton. As each slide was shown, Mr. Ashton made brief comments and these were recorded on a tape recorder and played at successive screenings of the slides throughout the Exhibition.

During the evening Mr. Keast Burke and Mr. Woodward Smith were made Honorary Members of the YMCA Camera Circle and were welcomed by the President. Congratulations were also extended to Mr. E. Slater on his receiving his ARPS, and the evening was concluded when the President invited members and their friends to remain to supper.

On Saturday night a Gala Exhibition Dance was attended by more than 150 people, who also had the opportunity of viewing the prints which were left on display.

The Exhibition concluded on Monday night when the Trophies and other prizes won by members during the year were presented by Mr. C. Noble and a further print commentary given by J.W. Metcalfe and Keast Burke.

The YMCA Camera Circle wishes to thank its many friends who attended and in other ways contributed towards making its Exhibition such a success.

Mr. Gow presenting B. Staveley of YMCA Camera Circle with the
C.V. Jackson Trophy for N.S.W. Early Colonial Historical Collection.

1st August 1953 Page 458 - Vol. 60 No. 8 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The Annual General Meeting was held on June 18, when the following committee was elected: President, G.S. Gow; Vice-Presidents, E. Hart, E. Slater and E. Holden; Hon.Secretary, E. Graham; Treasurer, J. Marshall.

The 2nd July meeting was devoted to a Character Study Competition, entrants competing for the Ferrania Award, The judge was Mr. J. Hoey, well-known member of the Camera Club of Sydney and his awards were;

CHARACTER STUDY COMPETITION: FERRANIA AWARD
A GRADE: FIRST H. Grenenger	A GRADE: SECOND J.E. Fawdry	A GRADE: THIRD J.E. Fawdry	A GRADE: HIGHLY COMMENDED: R.M. Kefford	B GRADE: FIRST K.F. Bailey	B GRADE: SECOND E. Goss	B GRADE: THIRD K.F. Bailey	B GRADE: HIGHLY COMMENDED: H. Sinclair	SPECIAL AWARD: K.F. Bailey "The Navigator"

A members color screening was also held and some very fine slides made their first appearance.

July activities are:
16th, Lecture by W. Clifford Noble, Improving Your Prints;
19th, Field Day to Clark Island;
30th, Lecture by Ted Holden on Enlarging.

1st September 1953 Page 521 - Vol. 60 No. 9 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The meeting on 16th July, was devoted to a lecture by Mr. Cliff Noble of the Camera Club of Sydney. Speaking on the subject "Improving Your Prints", he gave members some 'wrinkles not in the book'. One of these was the soaking of prints in a ten per cent aqueous solution of glycerine before drying, to prevent excessive curling. Corrective treatment of prints was discussed, local reduction being demonstrated. The lecturer brought some of his own prints to illustrate the improvements which could often be gained by such methods as using an agent in the developer varying the grade and surface of the paper and finishing with varnish or oil. Alas! — even the unimproved prints aroused feelings of envy amongst members.

A field day was held on 19th July, when members were taken by ferry for a harbor cruise. Good views of the waterfront were available, with a photogenic haze providing ideal subject matter for the camera. Lunch was had at Clark Island, off Darling Point, where the afternoon was spent. Although little serious photography is done on these outings, they are helpful socially and for the interchange of ideas.

Mr. J. W. Metcalfe kindly judged the Architecture Competition on 30th July, as well as giving an informal talk on matters relating to the making of exhibition prints. Several prints on the wall, he said, could have been brightened by treatment in a weak bath of Farmer’s Reducer. Some of Mr. Metcalfe’s experiences as a photographer were both absorbing and amusing.

The results of the competition were:

A GRADE: ARCHITECTURE:			B GRADE: ARCHITECTURE:				LOWRY and HENNESSY AWARD:
FIRST Laurie Friend - - -	SECOND Miss E. Banner - - -	THIRD H. Grenenger - - -	FIRST W. Woof - - -	SECOND M. Dick - - -	THIRD G. Eaves - - -	HIGHLY COMMENDED: K.F. Bailey W. Glading W. Glading E. Goss	FIRST W. Woof - - -	SECOND Laurie Friend - - -

The YMCA Camera Circle held its first Ladies night on the 7th September 1953; the 56 best slides from the APR contest and a program of 16mm films which included "Arnhem Land", a classic in color.

Monday 28th September 1953 Page 2 - Townsville Daily Bulletin (Qld.)

A field day to Cape Pallarenda and two evening print competitions comprised the month's activities for the Townsville Camera Club; opportunity was taken to welcome Russell Kefford, a worker from the YMCA Camera Circle, Sydney and also to try out the judging of prints by audience vote.

1st October 1953 Page 592 - Vol. 60 No. 10 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Simplify, accentuate and subdue! This was the advice given by Mr. H.N. Jones to members in his lecture, “The Exhibition Print”, on August 13. The lecturer’s preference is for open landscape subjects and for this type of work a long focus lens is useful, as it accentuates the size of the background. Mr. Jones has a liking for bromoils; some examples of his own work were displayed, including bromoils which demonstrated the value of this medium. The showing of an original Whitehead print aroused considerable interest. This was a landscape subject and the print was made from three separate negatives. A portion had been painted in with pigment but the workmanship was such that nothing unusual could be detected.

Two competitions were held on August 27th, the judge being Mr. Arthur Eade, from the Photographic Society of New South Wales. Mr. Eade’s task was difficult, owing to the number of entries and diversity of the subject matter. The results were:

A GRADE:

B GRADE:

“YARRAMUNDI” COMPETITION:

PRINT OF THE NIGHT:

FIRST
B. Stavely
-

SECOND
Laurie Friend
-

THIRD
J.E. Fawdry
-

HIGHLY COMMENDED:
H. Grenenger
H. Grenenger

FIRST
W. Glading
-

SECOND
E. Dunn
-

THIRD
W. Woof
-

HIGHLY COMMENDED:
W. Glading
E. Dunn

FIRST
G. Eaves
-

SECOND
W.S. Rixon
-

THIRD
H. Grenenger
-

HIGHLY
COMMENDED:
A. Hart

W. Glading
"STEAM CLEANING"
-

Upon his election as Club President for the third successive year, Mr. W.S. Gow
was presented with an electric clock as a mark of appreciation from the
members of the YMCA Camera Circle
Mr. H. Grenenger is here seen making the presentation.

1st October 1953 Page 638 - Vol. 60 No. 10 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
PHOTOGRAPHIC COURSE
The YMCA Camera Circle has arranged for a course of lectures on the fundamentals of photography. It will consist of eleven weekly lectures, commencing Tuesday 6th October, at 8pm, at the YMCA, 325 Pitt Street, Sydney. The subjects are:

1. Equipment and its uses;	2. Sensitive materials;	3. Chemistry;	4. Optics and filters;	5. Exposure and exposure meters;	6. Lighting and portraiture;
7. Developing and fixing;	8. Contact Printing;	9. Enlarging;	10. Print Finishing and Presentation;		11. Composition.

Anyone interested is invited to attend and prospective students should contact the President, Mr. Gow, Tel. FA 7597, or write to the Club Secretary, care of the YMCA A fee of one guinea will be charged, which will cover the complete course. It is hoped that these lectures will be useful for those who desire a sound basic knowledge of photography.

1st November 1953 Page 654 - Vol. 60 No. 11 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
An enlarging demonstration was given by Mr. E. Slater ARPS, one of the Circle’s more advanced workers, on September 10. Mr. Slater set out to show members how a good quality enlargement can be produced at first effort with no wastage of time or bromide paper. The resulting prints, one of which was enlarged about 15 diameters from a 35mm negative, showed what remarkably good work can be done with good equipment, fine grain developers and faultless technique.

Mr. Henri Mallard judged the Child Study Competition on September 24. He discussed the balance of a number of the entries, stressing the importance of this aspect in portraits. Mr. Mallard is a firm believer in using fresh developer for each large print. The placings were:

A GRADE: CHILD STUDY:			B GRADE: CHILD STUDY:
FIRST J.E. Fawdry	SECOND B. Stavely	THIRD J.E. Fawdry	FIRST G. Eaves	SECOND G. Eaves	THIRD Greenwald	HIGHLY COMMENDED: K. Bailey

The Elementary Photographic Course began on October 6th, with a demonstration lecture on “Equipment and Its Uses” by the President, Mr. G.S. Gow. The attendance was good and included a number of visitors. The course seems assured of success.

The October 8th, meeting was devoted to a demonstration lecture by Mr. J.E. Moriarty entitled “Photography Applied to the Silk Screen Process”. Mr. Moriarty described the making of stencils of the “cut-out”, “iron-on” and “photographic” types. Examples of the work carried out by his firm were handed around for inspection. The production and use of the photographic silk screen stencil was demonstrated and the results were quite good despite the improvised equipment. This is the second lecture the Circle has had in the last year on this subject and members are now well aware of the usefulness of the process.

Wednesday 18th November 1953 Page 7 - Townsville Daily Bulletin (Qld.)

The use of an oil based medium and colored pencils for coloring photographs was demonstrated by Russell Kefford at the monthly meeting of the Townsville Camera Club. A former member of the YMCA Camera Circle, Sydney, and an Australasian Photo-Review exhibitor, Kefford ably showed members how the application, blending and toning of the colors gave life to the photo and in many cases made a picture out of what would have been just an ordinary black and white print.

1st December 1953 Page 718 - Vol. 60 No. 12 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The Circle had a welcome visit on 22nd October, from Mr. C.V. Jackson, a member who has been away from Sydney for some months. Our alert President soon had him busy judging the “Clouds” Competition, which he did with his usual care. The results were:

A GRADE: CLOUDS:				B GRADE: CLOUDS:
FIRST J.E. Fawdry	SECOND H. Grenenger	THIRD H. Grenenger	HIGHLY COMMENDED: Miss E. Banner	FIRST G. Eaves	SECOND A. Thirston	THIRD R. Kefford	HIGHLY COMMENDED: W. Allen

The evening continued with a lecture by Eric Hart on Pinhole Photography. As usual, Mr. Hart put the audience into a light-hearted mood as he made suggestions for the construction of pin-hole cameras from kerosene tins, etc. It seems that these cameras have some remarkable advantages, namely, infinite depth of focus and variable focal length, hence variable angle of view. Do not throw away your Kodak yet, though, as exposures usually range from about twenty seconds upwards and the negatives need to be large as they do not stand enlargement. A Pin-hole Competition has been fixed for April 22, 1954. The meeting concluded with a members color screening and it was observed that there is a steady improvement in technical quality as well as a more serious approach to this branch of photography.

On November 5th, Mr. Keast Burke showed the Fifty-Six Best slides from the Third A.P.-R. Kodachrome Contest. Many well-known workers were represented and these slides were a terrific challenge to members to attempt the unusual. Some monochrome slides were also shown; these were microfilm copies of prints from Kodak International Salons.

December activities are;
3rd: Lecture: "Stereo Systems", R.G. Robertson;
8th and 15th: Photographic Course, "Print Finishing and Presentation", and "Pictorial Composition";
17th: Open and Color Competitions.

The 1953-1954 Syllabus of the YMCA Camera Circle has just been printed and has an unusual feature. Made of light cardboard, the title page incorporates a simple rotating disc-type exposure calculator, with disc made of celluloid. This is another of the bright ideas of our President, Mr. G.S. Gow.

1st January 1954 Page 9 - Vol. 61 No. 1 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The YMCA Camera Circle Photographic Course is proving a great success. Those who attend are enthusiastic about the standard of lecturing; lecturers are drawn mostly from club members.

Mr. E. Hart spoke on “Lighting and Portraiture” on November 10. This session consisted of four parts, namely, lecture, screening, question-time and demonstration. The lecture covered equipment, negative materials, lighting arrangements and processing. Various lighting arrangements were illustrated by means of the epidiascope. After question time, the class moved to the foyer with the club’s lighting equipment and those who had brought camera and tripod were able to take portraits under the supervision of Mr. Hart. The sitter, a young girl in Norwegian national costume, was very patient, considering it was well past her bedtime; but soon, children being as they are, the sitting was brought to a close by an irresistible attack of drowsiness.

1st February 1954 Page 68 - Vol. 61 No. 2 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
The Landscape Competition on November 19, which was judged by Mr. H.N. Jones, resulted:

A GRADE: Landscape:				B GRADE: Landscape:
FIRST Laurie Friend	SECOND J.E. Fawdry	THIRD Laurie Friend	HIGHLY COMMENDED: J.E. Fawdry	FIRST W. Allen	SECOND R. Westley	THIRD D. Hogarth	HIGHLY COMMENDED: G.E. Eves

At this meeting Mr. B. Townsend, of the Kodak Lecture Service Division, delivered a short lecture entitled “Paper Negatives”. He said there were four main methods of producing a paper negative, viz., by the use of reversal paper, from a positive print by contact printing, by enlargement on film (diapositive) followed by contact printing or further enlargements and finally, the use of paper instead of film in the camera. Although the paper negative process is a little laborious, it has advantages which make it suitable for use on special occasions. These advantages are ease of control by retouching, production of interesting textures and the ability to produce a bright print from a slightly flat negative. Mr. Townsend was able to show some of his own prints to illustrate how he had been able to produce a more artistic presentation by this method.

On December 3, members and guests heard a lecture on “Stereo Systems” by Mr. R.G. Robertson, the Sydney representative of The Stereoscopic Society. Mr. Robertson has made a special study of the application of stereoscopy to 16mm movies for educational purposes. He describes the basic principles in depth perception and explained how these are used in giving an illusion of a third dimension in still photography and in the cinema. This was illustrated by stereo and flat slides and movies using two slide projectors and two movie projectors which were skilfully handled by Mr. Harris, of the Stereoscopic Society. Polaroid spectacles were supplied by courtesy of A.J. Dawson Ltd. This was one of the most interesting and novel evenings the club has enjoyed for some time.

The YMCA Camera Circle Photographic Course concluded on December 15 with a talk by the President, Mr. Gow, on "Pictorial Composition". The series has been well supported both by members and others. The lecture on "Optics and Filters", given by Mr. E. Grunwald, was so outstanding that Mr. Grunwald has been requested to present this subject again at a future regular meeting.

A Christmas Social Evening, arranged through club member Miss E. Banner, was held on December 9, in the studio of Mrs. M. Maloney. Among the thirty or more members present were Mr. Keast Burke ARPS, APSA, and Mr. J.W. Metcalfe. The studio, which is used for sculpture, painting and pottery, proved a fitting place for an informal talk on art and photography.

Mr. A. Eade was the judge for the Open Competition on December 17. The results were:

A GRADE: Open:				B GRADE: Open:
FIRST D.N. Dove -	SECOND B.L. Gibbins -	THIRD B.L. Gibbins -	HIGHLY COMMENDED: N.J. Wright -	FIRST G. Eves -	SECOND G. Eves -	THIRD K.E. Bailey -	HIGHLY COMMENDED: L. Hogard / G. Halpin

Owing to a breakdown of equipment, the Color Slide Competition was postponed to January 14th.

February activities are:
11th, Lecture, Print Finishing, Henri Mallard;
14th, Field Day Outing to North Curl Curl;
25th, Competition, Shadows, and P.I.A. Trophy.

1st March 1954 Page 132 - Vol. 61 No. 3 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On January 14, Mr. A. Eade judged the Color Slide Competition. As Mr. Eade had not chosen the winning slides beforehand, members saw for themselves what a task judging can be. At the first showing, about seventy per cent, of the slides were eliminated. Those remaining were screened again, more being then eliminated. After about four screenings, the winners were selected and the awards were:

Color Slide Competition:
FIRST Laurie Friend -	SECOND R. Kefford -	THIRD J. Grunewald -	HIGHLY COMMENDED: R. Corbett / E. Atkinson

Possibly because of its specialized nature, the C.V. Jackson Competition (New South Wales Early Colonial Historical Collection) attracted a disappointing number of entries on January 28. The judge, Mr. H.N. Jones ARPS, made the following awards:

A GRADE: C.V. Jackson Competition (New South Wales Early Colonial Historical Collection):				B GRADE: C.V. Jackson Competition (New South Wales Early Colonial Historical Collection):			C.V. JACKSON TROPHY: -
FIRST J. Wright	SECOND J.E. Fawdry	THIRD J.E. Fawdry	HIGHLY COMMENDED: B. Stavely	FIRST R. Bromfield	SECOND W. Glading	THIRD K.E. Bailey	FIRST J. Wright

The evening continued with a display of the Tilney Prints. These were kindly loaned to us by the Sydney Camera Circle and were a gift to the Circle by Mr. F.C. Tilney, of England. The collection covers the work of leading pictorialists over the last thirty years. An interesting feature is the diversity of printing methods; bromoils, gum-bichromates, paper-negatives and bromides are represented, not to mention methods peculiar to individual workers.

March activities include: 11th, Lecture, “Portrait Lighting” by Cliff Noble; 25th, Competitions, “City at Night” and “Color Landscape”.

1st April 1954 Page 198 - Vol. 61 No. 4 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Members were given a demonstration of Print Finishing on February 11, by Mr. Henri Mallard. Mr. Mallard had taken the trouble to prepare a flat print which needed considerable spotting. Beginning with the matting of the print by rubbing with rotten stone, he used retouching pencil, transparent water-colors, graphite and the retouching knife. Members agreed that the print had been enormously improved. One was tempted to think that Mr. Mallard might obtain good results with these methods by starting with a sheet of plain bromide paper.

Mr. Mallard again obliged the Circle by judging two competitions on February 25. In the Shadows Competition, the judge criticized many entries because they did not conform to the theme of shadows, too much of the actual object being included in the picture. In the end the awards were:

A GRADE: Shadows: -			B GRADE: Shadows: -			P.I.A. Award Best Group Four Diverse Prints:
FIRST J.E. Fawdry	SECOND J.E. Fawdry	THIRD H. Grenenger	FIRST R. Bromfield	SECOND W. Allen	THIRD K.E. Bailey	FIRST J. Wright

Coming activities are:
April 11th — Outing to Boat Harbour;
April 22nd — Competitions, "Animal Study" and “Pinhole Photo”;
May 6th — Lecture by L. Padman, “Photo Engraving Techniques”.
Visitors are welcome at all meetings.

1st May 1954 Page 260 - Vol. 61 No. 5 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On March 11th, Mr. Cliff Noble gave an interesting lecture and demonstration on Portrait Lighting. With the assistance of one of the Circle’s “comely” members, who acted as model, Mr. Noble was able to show clearly the effects produced as the lamps were moved into different positions.

Dr. A.E. Chaffer APSA, was the judge on March 25th, for the competitions "City at Night" and "Color Landscape". Some entrants are still “licking their wounds”. However, Dr. Chaffer’s comments should sting members into greater efforts to improve their technique and composition. The results were:

A GRADE: CITY AT NIGHT:	B GRADE: CITY AT NIGHT:			COLOR LANDSCAPE:
FIRST Laurie Friend	FIRST K.E. Bailey	SECOND R. Bromfield	THIRD K.E. Bailey	FIRST R. Corbett	SECOND Laurie Friend	THIRD Laurie Friend

An interesting event was witnessed on March 30th. This was the inter-club competition held in conjunction with the Photographic Society of New South Wales. In an atmosphere of friendly rivalry Mr. A.W.W. Gale ARPS, carried out the judging and the Society was declared the winner on points by a narrow margin. Circle members were fairly pleased with their showing, considering the “old hands” in the opposition and are confident they can turn the tables at some future time.

April 8th, was Film Night and members saw films on the Royal Tour, Alaska, Italian Art and Pewter Manufacture in England. Members Royal Tour color slides were also shown, this screening being restricted to studies of the illuminations.

The YMCA Camera Circle, hung these decorations in honor of the Royal Visit.
The portrait of Her Majesty was painted in oils by club member P. Anderson.

1st May 1954 Page 260 - Vol. 61 No. 5 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE

ANNUAL EXHIBITION
will be held in the Main Hall, YMCA, Pitt Street, Sydney, on:

May 28: Doors open from 12 noon. Official opening 8pm.
May 29; Open from 11am to 7pm. Dance at 8pm.
May 31: Open from 12 noon. Presentation of of Awards at 8pm.

Color slides will be screened on each night and also at intervals during the day sessions.

CAMERALLY
with the combined New South Wales Camera Clubs

At Yarramundi Camp on the Grose River.
June 11th - 14th, 1954

Enquiries may be made at the Annual Exhibition, or by telephone to the President, Mr. G.S. Gow.

1st June 1954 Page 332 - Vol. 61 No. 6 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On April 11th, the circle held an outing to Boat Harbour. Starting from Cronulla, an unusually large group of members and friends walked to this picturesque fishing village along the beach. With favorable weather, some fine seascape pictures should result from an enjoyable trip.

Mr. L. Padman, on 6th May, gave a talk entitled Photo Engraving Techniques. He explained the usual process whereby photographic prints are reproduced for newspapers and books. This process, in the simplest terms, consists of three main steps, photographing the print through a screen, printing onto the zinc plate and finally, etching with nitric acid. Mr. Padman obviously has great enthusiasm for this subject and his plea for a greater understanding of engraving problems by photographers should not go unheeded.

The Pin-hole Competition was held on 6th May and aroused considerable interest although largely in the nature of a novelty. The judge was our own member, Neill Thornton and the results were:

A GRADE: Pin-hole Competition:
FIRST W. Allen	SECOND D.N. Dove	THIRD W. Allen	HIGHLY COMMENDED E. Graham

Scheduled events for June are; 3rd, Film Night;
11th-14th, Camerally at Yarramundi;
17th, Annual General Meeting.

1st July 1954 Page 396 - Vol. 61 No. 7 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On May 20th, the Competition was Against the Light. The judge on this occasion was Mr. A.W.W. Gale ARPS, who made the following awards:

A GRADE: Against the Light:			B GRADE: Against the Light:
FIRST Laurie Friend -	SECOND N. Treatt -	THIRD N. Treatt -	FIRST G. Eves -	SECOND A. Butler -	THIRD K.E. Bailey -	HIGHLY COMMENDED K. Bailey / W. Allen

The Annual Exhibition was held on 28th, 29th and 31st May, and was officially opened by Sir Edward Hal1strom. The judges, Messrs. Laurence Le Guay, A.R. Eade and Henri Mallard had to examine 105 prints and the coveted Pho’tos was finally awarded. The color judge, Mr. S. Woodward-Smith, awarded the Tidmarsh Trophy.

1954 ANNUAL EXHIBITION:

Pho’tos Trophy:
-
-

Tidmarsh Trophy:
-
-

G.S. GOW TROPHY
monthly A GRADE point score:

E.C. GREENING TROPHY
monthly B GRADE point score:

A.& V. DE LORENZE AWARD
WOMAN PHOTOGRAPHER:

Trade Awards:
-
-

Laurie Friend

FIRST
J.E. Fawdry

SECOND
Laurie Friend

THIRD
H. Grenenger

FIRST
G. Eves

SECOND
K. Bailey

THIRD
R. Blomfield

HIGHLY COMMENDED
W. Allen

FIRST
Miss E. Banner

G. Eves

M.J. Wright

Hundreds of visitors availed themselves of the chance to look over this exhibition which always arouses widespread interest.

July activities include:
15th, Lecture Photography by Professor R.H. Thorp, Ph.D. (Med.), B.Sc. (hon.);
18th, Field day at Campbelltown;
29th, Lecture, After-treatment of Prints by K.D. Hastings.

1st August 1954 Page 461 - Vol. 61 No. 8 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
June 11th to 14th, was Camerally week-end at Yarramundi. Well over a hundred photographers with their families and friends attended this camp and enjoyed the boating, walking and sporting activities available on the banks of the Grose River near Richmond. The weather was mainly fine but cold and evenings found the majority in the large mess hall close to a good old-fashioned log fire or enjoying movie films, color slide showings or “sing-songs”. We believe that all who attended this week-end will have happy memories of Yarramundi.

The Annual General Meeting was held June 17th, when the new Committee was elected. Quite a few new faces appear on the list which now includes: President, Mr. G.S. Gow; Vice-Presidents, Messrs. H. Grenenger, H. Slade, E. Holden, E. Hart; Hon.Secretary, Mrs. I. Hogg; Committee, E. Atkinson, K. Bailey, J.E. Fawdry, J. Marshall, D. Dove, J. Hemple, E. Holden, Miss C. Rea, D. Hogarth, A.W. Thurston and G. Holpin.

The Competition on July 1, was entitled "Self Portrait" and this proved to be a popular subject. The judge was Mr. Vyvyan Curnow of Kodak Ltd. and the awards were:

A GRADE: Self Portrait:			B GRADE: Self Portrait:
FIRST K. Bailey -	SECOND V. Treatt -	THIRD H. Grenenger -	FIRST A. Taylor -	SECOND H. Bergman -	THIRD Miss C. Weston -	HIGHLY COMMENDED R. Corbett / H. Bergman

A color screening was held on the same night and once again it was obvious that members comparatively new to color photography are gradually “finding their feet” in the new medium.

Visitors are welcome at all meetings which are held at the YMCA, Pitt Street, Sydney. August activities are: 12th, Yarramundi Competitions; 26th, Lecture, Approach to the Picture by Mr. J.W. Metcalfe.

1st September 1954 Page 524 - Vol. 62 No. 9 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
Mr. J.W. Metcalfe gave a talk Approach to the Picture on July 15th, instead of August 25th, as listed. In his usual informal style Mr. Metcalfe spoke about the artistic aspects of photography. A study of composition, he said, was of limited benefit unless the artist had a natural sense of composition and balance. True art resulted only from attempting to satisfy oneself and herein lay the danger of striving to satisfy competition judges. Mr. Metcalfe read some short, pithy quotations from William Hunt’s Talks About Art which showed wisdom tempered with humor.

On July 29th, Mr. K. D. Hastings gave a lecture entitled After-treatment of Prints. He dealt with intensification, reduction, local reduction and spotting. His demonstrations of the procedures involved and his many excellent examples made his talk a most informative one.

1st October 1954 Page 590 - Vol. 61 No. 10 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
There was a large attendance on 12th August, including many visitors. The attractions were the Yarramundi and YMCA Competitions.

The judge, Mr. J.W. Metcalfe, made the following awards;

YARRAMUNDI COMPETITION:	YMCA COMPETITION:
FIRST K. Bailey	FIRST K. Bailey	SECOND G. Eves	THIRD G. Maxfield

On 26th August, members heard a talk on Photography delivered by Professor R.H. Thorp Ph.D. (Med.), B.Sc. (London). Professor Thorp recently had the opportunity of visiting the U.S.A., Canada, England, France, Switzerland, Italy and Ceylon. During his travels much color film was exposed and his lecture was in the nature of an illustrated travelogue. The speaker’s sense of humor, always noticeable in his remarks, kept the audience in good spirits to the end. The slides were of excellent quality, which did credit to the photographer, as most were taken without preparation and often under unfavorable weather conditions.

Mr. J. Hoey obliged in the judging of the Open Competition on September 9th. The number of entries was the largest for some time. Mr. Hoey showed that whether he likes a picture or not he takes pains to seek the idea in the photographer’s mind. Having decided this, he is able to show how that idea could be better presented. The awards were:

A GRADE: Open:				B GRADE: Open:
FIRST M. Wright	SECOND B. Gibbons	THIRD V. Treatt	HIGHLY COMMENDED D. Dove	FIRST A. Taylor	SECOND G. Halpin	THIRD E. Thurston	HIGHLY COMMENDED Miss H. Sinclair / M. Harvey / J. Alfred / A. Taylor

1st November 1954 Page 652 - Vol. 61 No. 11 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
September 23rd was a specially interesting evening it being the occasion of the second showing in Sydney of 100 bromoil transfer prints by the Italian worker, Professor Peretti-Riva. The show was opened by Dr. Maselli, from the Italian Legation, whi1st Dr. A.E.F. Chaffer APSA, described the bromoil transfer process and Professor Bissietta discussed the artistic aspects of the pictures on display. Professor Bissietta praised the sense of composition shown in many of the prints but considered some of the subjects were not as suitable for the process as were others. It seems a pity that so little bromoil work is done in Australia.

On 7th October, a “Seascape” competition was held. One would think that this would be a popular subject to a sea and sun loving people and yet the number of entries was very disappointing. However, Mr. Cliff Noble, who carried out the judging, pointed out that, although foaming sea and breaking waves delight the artistic eye, really good seascapes are not easily made. The main fault, he said, was in the lighting. Direct frontal lighting was used in many cases, and this, in monochrome, robbed the sea of that sparkle which we expect in good sea studies. Back lighting was usually preferable. The awards:

A GRADE: Seascape:				B GRADE: Seascape:
FIRST M. Wright	SECOND B. Stanley	THIRD B. Gibbins	HIGHLY COMMENDED M. Wright	FIRST G. Gray	SECOND O. Leuve	THIRD G. Gray

An unusual innovation followed the announcing of the prizewinners and the judge’s commentary. This was a brief description by the two first prizewinners of the methods they employed in obtaining their winning pictures, followed by questions from other members. This was very successful and the idea will be given further scope in future.

1st December 1954 Page 716 - Vol. 61 No. 12 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
ART COURSE FOR PHOTOGRAPHERS
Following the success of its first Art Course in 1953, the YMCA Camera Circle has arranged another series of twelve demonstration talks at the A.D.R. (Bissietta) Art School, 70 Pitt Street, Sydney. These will commence on December 14th, and will be held at 8pm each Tuesday night. The topics will be shadows, motive, subjects, character of the portrait, unusual subjects, geometry, animals, human expression, fantasia, tonal perspective, perspective of line. Those who are interested in attending this course may do so by ringing YMCA Camera Circle, President, G.S. Gow or writing to the Secretary, c/o YMCA, 325 Pitt Street, Sydney.

1st December 1954 Page 717 - Vol. 61 No. 12 Australasian Photo-Review

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
On 21st October, the YMCA Camera Circle was privileged to hear a talk by Mr. Rudolph Gunz, well known in the Sydney photographic trade. Mr. Gunz was fortunate in being able to visit the recent ‘Photokina’ Exhibition in Cologne. His observations on the modern trends in cameras and materials were keenly absorbed by those present. One of the most notable developments was the advent of several cameras with special supplementary lenses to alter the focal length. The advantage was that between-the-lens shutters could be used instead of the more expensive focal plane shutters which were formerly necessary with cameras taking interchangeable lenses. Members were grateful to Mr. Gunz for his “up-to-the-minute” information as well as his fine collection of color slides.

One can never be certain what the response will be to a given set competition. The Table Top competition on 11th November, was a case in point. Members had been told that Table Top did not include Still-life, which narrowed the field considerably, yet the showing was good from the point of view of both quality and quantity. Mr. H. Chargois FRPS, FRSA, was the judge and he gave the following awards:

A GRADE: Table Top:			B GRADE: Table Top:
FIRST B. Gibbons	SECOND R. Bloomfield	THIRD K. Bailey / M. Wright	FIRST E. Goss	SECOND E. Thurston	THIRD M. Harvey

Mr. Chargois indicated that most of the entries failed because, although all the necessary elements were present, there was no real emphasis which would clarify the motive. In conclusion, Mr. Chargois spoke about the Royal Photographic Society and told members how membership of the Royal Photographic Society can be attained.

YMCA Camera Circle, Sydney, circa 1955

Photograph featuring members of the YMCA Camera Circle including President G.S. Gow. The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Camera Circle was a photography group of which Esma Banner was a member which operated at a variety of locations including Sydney. The group encouraged and exhibited works by amateur photographers. At left is Esma's sister Marguerite Moloney and the child is Esma's niece Helen Fitzgerald (seven years old). The photograph was taken in the Blue Mountains in New South Wales, possibly at Blackheath or Katoomba.

Wednesday 28th May 1958 Page 32 - The Biz (Fairfield, NSW)

PHOTOGRAPHERS HOLIDAY
A leading Sydney camera club, the YMCA Camera Circle, will hold its annual photographers camp, the "Camerally", at the YMCA Hostel, Yarramundi, during the Queen's Birthday weekend — 13th to 16th June and wish to invite any one interested.

Some of the features of the camp will be — comfortable cabins, good meals, a river frontage with boats available and easy access to Richmond and scenic spots. Competitions will be run for the best color slide shown at the camp and the best Photographs (prints and slides taken at the camp, with two very charming models available to lend glamor to the occasion.

And the price? Everything included, just £3/12/6, children under 14 years half-price and those under two years free. As there are accommodation and catering facilities for only 200, write immediately to the secretary, YMCA Camera Circle, 325 Pitt Street, Sydney.

Wednesday 16th August 1961 Page 9 - The Australian Women's Weekly

ADOPTED - BY A FROG
A Blue Mountains tree frog - possibly a prince in disguise - has a silver plaque for a Sydney doctor at the YMCA Camera Circle's Fourth International Exhibition of Photography.

The amateur photographer is Dr Leopold Pavlovic, Randwick, whom the frog (definitely a Thaddeus Toad Esq. type) adopted in a Penrith milk-bar last year.

You can meet Thaddeus in his "Watch Me Mamma" color portrait at the exhibition at Sydney Town Hall, August 12th to 23rd.

From the moment Thaddeus startled the milk-bar proprietress by leaping out of her refrigerator, he attached himself to Dr Pavlovic. He furiously resisted all efforts to release him in the bush.

Nor would he eat - not even the flies that friends helped to catch. Which led one of them to quip, "Maybe he's a frog prince. Offer the flies on a gold platter and see what happens at sundown.

Dr Pavlovic took him home, got his prizewinning shot after four and a half hours camera work with the lively Thaddeus on the kitchen table.

Finally, he persuaded Thaddeus to settle for a spot among the water-lilies in Centennial Park - where, as any youngster knows, anything magic in the way of a frog prince can happen.

Five other Australian entries won major prizes in the exhibition, which attracted 5152 entries from 50 countries, including China with 36. They are Lance Nelson, NSW, Aleen Woodcock, Victoria, Otto Hofmann, NSW, Mervyn Thomas, Victoria, Peter Slater, WA.

Peter's nature slide "Wasp Carrying Caterpillar" (recently published in The Australian Women's Weekly} won the Photographic Society of America's Silver Medal - giving him a hat-trick this year. Earlier it took a silver plaque in Melbourne's exhibition and a bronze in Adelaide's.

left to right - ATHOL BLAKE, FABIAN BEAL

Thursday 29th September 1966 Y EYE (the internal organ of the YMCA Camera Circle of Sydney).

FEDERATION OF CAMERA CLUBS INTER-CLUB COMPETITION

The YMCA Camera Circle wins both Pictorial Slides and Print sections.

top left - John Williams (Pictorial print judge), Norma Ward, Dr. Garth May, Jean Cowell and Bert Andrews
perusing the final prints during the judging weekend at the YMCA.
top right - Miss Camera Club 1970, Miss Linda Mitchell of Waverley Camera Club, at the judging on the first Saturday of the Exhibition.
middle left - Fred Halmarick congratulates Brian Gorman after he received the Sun Trophy for his journalistic shot of Prince Charles.
bottom left - Allen Gray, one of the "Of Ships and Shores" team, puts finishing touches to one of the murals.
bottom right - Bert Andrews and Fred Halmarick evaluating one of the entries.

top left - Setting up day, Alan Richmond and Arnold O'Hanlon planing down a perspex screen.
top right - The Official Opening, Mr. Justice Else-Mitchell presents the silver trophy for Experimental Slides to Charlie Dart.
middle right - Charles Abraham and Wilma Grady at the Exhibition.
bottom left - A festival item: a dancer from the Sandra McKenzie Dancing Academy.
bottom right - another Festival item: Andrea Smith, Mandy Barnes and Christine Piper of the Ena Grant Dancing Academy.

RESULTS
INTER-CLUB COMPETITION
between
YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE
and the
PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES
on the
13th MAY 1971

Black and White prints
YMCA Camera Circle 147 points
Photographic Society of New South Wales 113 points
Best print: R.L. Paul AFIAP, ARPS, ESFIAP

"A" grade Color Slides
YMCA Camera Circle 145 points
Photographic Society of New South Wales 134 points
Best slide: Miss Winifred Schmidt AFIAP

"B" grade Color Slides
YMCA Camera Circle 139 points
Photographic Society of New South Wales 131 points
Best slide: Miss Evelyn Pickard

The evening was very successful and we were please to see many visitors from the Photographic Society of New South Wales. The judge for the evening was Mr. W. Clifford Noble AFIAP.

IN MEMORIUM

MARK SHORT

RIP - 5th May 1972

News was received of the untimely death in a motor accident on Friday 5th May 1972 of Mr. Mark Short.

Mark was a member of the YMCA Camera Circle for many years and a Life Member and was known personally to a majority of members. It is hardly necessary to state that he will be sadly missed in all our activities. Of particular note were his services to the Sydney International Exhibition of Photography since its inception. His recent role as organizer and lecturer in the Instructional Courses was only one aspect of those services.

YMCA CAMERA CIRCLE of SYDNEY

TWENTY EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT
20th JULY 1972

This 28th Annual Report marks the end of another year of activities of the Camera Circle. The high standard of these activities retain for us the respect of photographers and Camera Clubs both in Australia and Overseas.

MEMBERSHIP
A number of new members were welcomed into the Club during the year; however these were not enough to replace those we lost. Our financial members are the lowest in numbers that the Club has known for many years. There are two possible explanations for this drastic falling off, one is the late night shopping on Thursday night and the other the confusion and concern caused by the YMCA in their suggested Membership Fee increase.

At the last Annual General Meeting Mr. Fred Halmerrick was elected an Honorary Life Member in appreciation of his services to the Camera Circle and to the Exhibition during the past 10 years.

As directed your Committee conferred Honorary Membership for the year 1971 - 1972 on Messrs. Allen G. Gray, Hon.EFIAP, APSA and Noel Judd ESFIAP, who for many years have assisted our Club during the year and in particular at the International Exhibition.

The death of one of our Honorary Life Members, Mr. Mark Short, is indeed a great loss to our Club. He had been a driving force in our Club almost from its inception and was greatly respected by all.

A great loss to this Club and to the world of photography came with the passing away of Charles Dart EFIAP. Charles was a friend to all who knew him - this Club and its members are greatly indebted to Charles for his work as a committee member and particularly in connection with the Exhibition. Although he was one of Australia's top photographers, he gave willingly of his knowledge and was always ready to assist beginners and all photographers with their problems. A monument to his passing is the splendid memories of him which he has left with us all.

FINANCE
Although the Yarramundi Weekend showed a profit the overall figure for the year shows a loss. This was brought about by:
1. Almost 50% drop in membership.
2. Rising costs of a11 our purchases.
3. Money spent on suppers was not covered by supper contributions.

It is quite evident that close attention will be required in the coming year and consideration must be given to an increase in membership fees.

SYDNEY INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION of PHOTOGRAPHY
Again our thanks goes to Mr. A.R. Andrews, Hon.EFIAP, as Chairman of the Exhibition Committee, who in his usual form has led a small band of workers during the year, planning and guiding the many facets so that each Exhibition may be better than the last. For some weeks each year many Club members assist this Committee and so help to bring the Exhibition to a successful conclusion at the Sydney Town Hall. Thanks goes to our Honorary Members, Allen G. Gray Hon.EFIAP, APSA and Noel Judd ESFIAP, for the great assistance we receive from them on this venture each year.

The Fifteenth Exhibition is now well under way and we look to all Club members to assist and ensure the success of this our Exhibition for which this Club has become known throughout the World.

YMCA CAMERALLY
Extensive advertising was carried out for this project in the Federation of Camera Clubs, Newsletter; Image and Australian Photography and many Clubs were circularized and personal contacts made. We are grateful for the response received, the attendance being better than last year. It was pleasing to note that our own Club was well represented this year and a very enjoyable time was had by those who attended. We must thank Miss Margaret Butt for her tremendous effort and time spent in organizing together with her small band of helpers.

The Camerally Reunion will be held on 16th September. Once again we thank Mrs Joan Thornton for the donation of trophies presented at the last Reunion.

CLUB MAGAZINE
This has been under the direction of Alan Wilson who has prepared and distributed 3 issues during the year for which we are grateful. Thanks also to those who contributed articles for publication. We regret the lowering in standard of the printing but this was necessary to keep costs down.

GROUPS
Although a lot of hard work has been expended by your Committee on the groups they have not been well attended.

COMPETITIVE PHOTOGRAPHY
Miss Margaret Butt has been very determined in her effort to collect Prints and Slides so our Club could compete in various competitions; no great successes were achieved. However, a number of our members have had many acceptances in both National and International Exhibitions.

OUTINGS
Our Outings Officer, Miss Val Wiskin, organized a number of very successful and enjoyable outings which were well attended. Special mention should be made of the long weekend at Bathurst and Hill End on Anniversary Weekend. Plans are already in hand for the Easter Weekend next year at Warrumbungles.

Our close association with the Australian Photographic Society, has continued and this year we were able to assist by allowing the use of some of our equipment for Apscon 1971. A number of our members attended this Convention. Two of our members - W.B. Allen EFIAP and Dr Graham Batley - are also Executive Members of the Australian Photographic Society.

GENERAL
During the year we have had the pleasure of welcoming visitors from Overseas, Interstate and also Country Clubs to join our meetings. Our program for the past 12 months has been of the highest standard with many notable photographers to lecture and judge at our meetings. Some of these programs were prepared for showing only at the YMCA Camera Circle and we are grateful to these people who have spent so much of their time to assist us.

For our suppers we must thank Miss Connie Storey and Miss Val Wiskin, who have ably provided for us. Special suppers have been the work of Miss Val Wiskin.

We say thank you to the members who at short notice were always prepared to give that helping hand where and when needed. A special thank you goes to Mr. Wal Pickard for his "behind the scenes" work and care of our equipment. Thanks also to Hon.Life Member, R.L. Paul AFIAP, ARPS, ESFIAP, for his assistance at all times and especially preparation of the Balance Sheet.

SUMMING UP
Your Committee, each with their own job, have worked hard and have given unsparingly of their time so this Club may show progress. It has been a hard disappointing year; our programs have been of the highest, but members attendance has been poor. Every effort has been made to maintain and improve the standard of the Club and to increase membership. Rising costs and the late night shopping, have had a severe effect and a further effort will be required by the incoming Committee.

PRINT LIGHTING
A further investigation into print lighting has been carried out and some prices obtained. It has been the decision of this Committee that no suitable lighting scheme has been suggested and we should consider the matter closed.

Finally may I, as your Retiring, President, add a personal message. For two years I have been entrusted with this very important position and regret that I have not achieved all I had hoped to but trust I may have paved the way for the future.

To serve for the YMCA Camera Circle has been an honor and I wish to say thank you to the members of my Committee - in your many tasks each of you have given of your best and it has been a pleasure to be associated with such a body. A special thanks to Miss Rae Whereat as Hon.Secretary, who has at all times been a driving force. To all members for your friendship and co-operation thank you, it has made my job as President a pleasure. My best wishes to the incoming Committee to whom I offer my support at all times.

PRESIDENT A.R. RICHMOND
HON.SECRETARY Miss RAE WHEREAT